CALT EXAM
1. Components of Effective Literacy Instruction: phonological and
phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and
comprehension
2. The Big Five: Nickname for the five essential components of
effective literacy instruction
3. National Reading Panel: outlined the give essential components of
effective literacy instruction in report (year 2000)
4. What is the importance of the sound/symbol system?: understanding
sounds/symbols enables students to sound out unfamiliar words,
enables students to build orthographic patterns, enables students to
perceive larger chunks of words, and enables students to use the
context more efficiently
5. Sound/symbol foundation: phonemic awareness and instant letter
recognition
6. Alphabetic Principle: a phoneme is represented by a grapheme
7. phoneme: smallest unit of sound in a word which effects meaning
8. grapheme: letter or group of letters used to represent one sound
9. Reading and Written Expressive Language: the two components of
,Literacy Instruction
10.Decoding and Comprehension: the two components of reading
11.Mechanics and Composition/Creativity: the two components of
Written Ex- pressive Language
12.Opportunities and Direct Instruction: the two components of instruction
13.Decoding: instant word recognition, phonemic awareness,
sound/symbol asso- ciation (instant letter recognition), structural
analysis, context
14.Listening Comprehension: oral language (most important!), world
knowledge, strategic thinking, inference making
15.Fluency: bridge between decoding and comprehension
16.Comprehension: the ultimate goal of reading
17.Instant Word Recognition: acquired through repeated exposure to
the word and from over learning the patterns of language
18.Mechanics: sentence structure, paragraph structure, spelling,
handwriting (writer should be comfortable with spelling and
handwriting)
19.composition/creativity: oral language, world knowledge, strategic
thinking, in- ference making
,20.Direct instruction components: Multisensory teaching and discovery
teaching
21.Domains of language: phonology, pragmatics, orthography,
semantics, syntax, morphology
22.Interactive components of language: Form, content (great ideas),
use (spelling, grammar, etc.)
23.Which domains fall into form component of language?: Phonology,
Morphol- ogy, Syntax, orthography
, 24.Which domain falls into the content component of language?: semantics
25.Which domain falls into the use component of language?: pragmatics
26.Orthography is the only domain: not developed orally first-starts at the
written level with spelling
27.phonology: refers to the SOUND STRUCTURE of a langauge; how
sounds operate. It is the unconscious set of rules that govern speech.
28.Euphony: pleasant sound; when words are formed or combined to
please the ear
29.phonological awareness: knowledge of and sensitivity to the BROAD
SOUND STRUCTURE OF LANGUAGE
30.Examples of phonological awareness activities: rhyming, alliteration,
count- ing words in sentences, counting syllables in words, omitting
syllables, phonemic awareness
31.Examples of phonemic awareness activities: identifying sounds in a
word, segmenting, blending, changing sounds in words, omitting
sounds in words
32.morpheme: smallest unit of language that carries meaning
33.morphology: the study of meaningful units of language, refers to the
way words are formed and related to one another