Lecture notes
Structure and function of plant and animal cells.
- Module
- Biochemistry
- Institution
- University Of Lincoln (UoL)
Structure and function of plant and animal cells, includes diagrams and information on each cell.
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Structure and function of plant cells (Eukaryotic)Eukaryotic cells:
Eukaryotic Cells:
Eukaryote means a true nucleus, en is true, and a karyon is another word for nucleus.
Eukaryotic cells have a nuclei.
Plasma membrane (cell surface membrane)
• Selective barrier that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell e.g.
oxygen, water, hormones, CO2
, • Double layer (bilayer) of phospholipids, it is a molecule. Phospholipids look a little
but like matchsticks. The head is hydrophilic, which means that it is water loving and
it wants to be on the outside of this membrane so that it can interact with the
aqueous environment around the cell.
• The other part of the phospholipid is its tail shown in yellow, which is hydrophobic or
water hating. The tail is always on the inside of the membrane to keep well away
from that surrounding aqueous environment.
• Call it a double layer because you have one phospholipid and the a second layer of
phospholipids underneath. They together form that double layer or bi-layer with the
hydrophobic tails hidden away in the middle away from the watery environment.
• For substances to move across the plasma membrane they are likely to need a carrier
protiein (the big purple lumps) which protiens that are embedded will control which
substances can move across the plasma membrane into and out of the cell.
Carbohydrate side
chains
Hydrophilic heads
Hydrophobic tails
Hydrophilic heads
Phospholipi Protein
d s
Nucleus:
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