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FCCN level 1 Exam with Complete Solutions.
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- FCCN Level 1 Exam With Complete Solutions.
FCCN level 1 Exam with Complete Solutions.
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FCCN level 1 Exam with CompleteSolutions.
minimum urine output for adult - -0.5mL/kg/hr
-ADH (antidiuretic hormone) - -- water retainer
- vasoconstrictor (also called Vasopressin)
- produced by hypothalamus
- store and released from posterior pituitary
-ADH pathway - -- hypothalamus senses low blood volumed and increased
serum osmolality
- signal pituitary to release ADH
- ADH causes kidney to retain water
- water retention increases blood volume and decreases serum osmolality
-ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) - -- cardiac hormone stored in atria
- released when atrial pressure increases
*works opposite of RAAS by decreasing BP and reducing intravascular
volume
- important diagnostic marker in CHF
-hydrostatic pressure - -- forces fluids and solutes through the capillary wall
and into the tissue spaces
-colloid osmotic pressure - -- pulling force of albumin in the intravascular
spaces
- pull fluid into vasculature
-maintenance fluid therapy - -- replaces normal ongoing losses of water and
electrolytes (urine, sweat, respiration, stool)
-replacement therapy - -- corrects any existing water and or electrolyte
deficits
-isotonic fluids - -- tonicity equal to plasma in the body
- no fluid shifts because the solutions are equally concentrated
, - LR
- NS
- D5W
-hypotonic fluids - -- lower concentration of solutes in the vasculature than
in the cell
- fluid shifts into the cell to dilute the electrolytes (CELL SWELLS)
- 0.45NS
-hypertonic fluid - -- higher concentration of solutes in the vasculature than
in the cell
- pulls fluid out of cells and into the vessels (CELL SHRINKS)
- D5 .45NS
- D5NS
- D5LR
- 3%, 7%, 23.4% NaCl
-colloids - -- pull fluid into bloodstream
Albumin
- 5% is osmotically equal to plasma
- 25% draws 4 times the normal volume into the circulation
-blood - -- not a risk free fluid replacement
- this is liquid transplant
-third spacing - -- fluid is not lost from the body but the fluid is not available
for use in the intracellular or extracellular compartments (fluid is in between
tissues/cells)
- this patient is intravascularly dry and still needs more fluid
-
-can you give platelets through the ranger - -- no it will aggreggate the
platelets
-hyponatremia - -- less than 135 -145
- weakness
- abdominal cramping/leg cramps
- dizzy
- change in LOC
- seizures
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