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biochem- spectroscopy

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content: 1) purpose of spectroscopy 2) wave properties 3) light as a particle 4) light as a wave 5) particles and energy 6) spectroscopy - principles' 7) energy levels and spectra 8) qualitative analysis - identification 9) quantitative analysis 10) absorption and transmittance 11) Be...

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  • October 28, 2023
  • 5
  • 2023/2024
  • Lecture notes
  • Nigel
  • All classes

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Spectroscopy
Purpose of spectroscopy:
 Study molecular structure and interactions if biological molecules (protein and amino
acids)
 Diagnostics & Testing
 Monitoring

Wave properties
 Wavelength,  - peak to peak distance between waves
 Frequency, v – no complete oscillations per second (units s-1, or Hz)
Formula: speed of light = wavelength x frequency (c=v)
c is the speed of light (2.998 x 108 ms-1 in vacuum)

Light as a particle

 The energy of the photon is proportional to the frequency of the radiation

Light as a wave

, Particles and energy

 Each photon carries the energy E
Formula: E=hv (energy is proportional to frequency)
E is energy, h is Planck’s constant (6.626 x 10-34 Js), and v is the frequency

Combining two equations: c=v and E=hv

E = hc/ = hcv~ (energy is inversely proportional to wavelength and is direct proportional to
wavenumber)

V~ is the wavenumber



Spectroscopy – principles




Energy levels and spectra

 When a molecule absorbs a photon, the energy of the molecule increases. The
molecule is promoted to an excited state.
 If a molecule emits a photon, the energy of the molecule decreases
 The lowest energy state of a molecule is a known as the ground state

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