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Oncology Nursing – Questions & Correct Answers
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Oncology Nursing – Questions & Correct Answers
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Oncology Nursing – Questions & Correct AnswersCancer Risks Multi-factorial ✔️Ans - Age, gender, race, genetics, immune
factors, psych factors, chemical carcinogens, radiation, ionizing/ultra-violet,
radon, viruses/infections, HPV, HIV, ETOH, chemo drugs
Gender as a risk factor ✔️Ans - Cancer incidence rates are higher in men
than in women for each racial/ethnic population
Race as a risk factor ✔️Ans - Incidence higher in Afro-American men;
Racial disparities due to access to care/socio-economic status---difference in
tumor characteristics, co-morbidities lower socio-economic status ,poor
access to healthy environment/food and to education
genetics as a risk factor ✔️Ans - accounts for 5%-10% of all cancer dx in
the U.S., Genetic abnormalities in cancer cells themselves
Immunologic factor as a risk factor ✔️Ans - supressed immune system
(meds, auto-immune dz),bone marrow (meds)
Chemical carcinogens ✔️Ans - usually enter body in a pro-carcinogen state
and converted into active metabolites by teh cytochrome p450 oxidase system
(microsomal monooxygenase).
radiation as a risk factor ✔️Ans - XRT for childhood cancers----pre-
disposes child to malignancies later in life
ETOH as a risk factor ✔️Ans - liver cancers Obesity-post menopausal
breast cancers, endometrial, colon,
Cancer Cell characteristics ✔️Ans - Uncontrolled growth (neoplasia), Vary
in size and shape, Abnormal mitosis-faster division; require more, function
abnormally, Tumor specific antigens (TSA)
Neoplasia ✔️Ans - the new and abnormal development of cells that may be
benign or malignant
, abnormal mitosis ✔️Ans - faster division; require more O2, glucose, do not
follow rules of cell growth
Tumor Specific Antigens ✔️Ans - Altered cell membranes-proteins found
as tumor cells mature-helps measure extent of disease
Cancer cell abnormalities ✔️Ans - can alter cell relationship with immune
system, downregulating T cells and B cell activity which allows fro unchecked
growth
carcinomas ✔️Ans - epithelial tissue
adenocarcinomas ✔️Ans - cancers of glandular epithelial tissue
sarcoma ✔️Ans - malignant tumor of connective tissue: tissue, muscle,
bone
melanoma ✔️Ans - The most serious form of skin cancer
myeloma ✔️Ans - a type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells found
in the red bone marrow
lymphomas ✔️Ans - Cancers that arise in organs of the immune system
leukemias ✔️Ans - cancers that arise in the blood cell making tissues
leukocytes
Methods of cancer metastasis ✔️Ans - invasion, Move into surrounding
tissues or cavities-peritoneal, plural, joints
They invade surrounding structures
Methods of cancer spread ✔️Ans - circulation, mechanical, angiogenesis
Circulatory spread ✔️Ans - blood, lymph*
Cells tavel through the lymphatic system
Mechanical spread ✔️Ans - Some cells can be spread during surgery
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