An indepth cheat sheet of all the bacteria and identification skills needed for the BHCS2006 infection and immunity exam for biomedical science at University of Plymouth
o Maintain cell’s shape by countering osmotic pressure
o Protect bacteria from external stresses
o Provides attachment sites for bacteriophages
o Essential role in cell division
o Site of major antigenic determinants of cell surface
Gram Stain
To carry out a gram stain
o Set and stain bacteria with crystal violet
o Wash and Stain with iodine
o Wash and de-stain with ethanol
o Counterstain with Safranin
, Bacterial Cell Components
The cytoplasmic membrane
o Site of biosynthesis for DNA, cell wall polymers and membrane lipids
o Selective permeability and transport of solutes
o Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation
o Excretion of hydrolytic enzymes
The capsule
o Contribution to virulence of bacteria preventing phagocytosis by white blood cells
The flagella
o Motility
Fimbriae
o Filamentous, adherence factor
o Can be gram positive or negative
Pili
o Long hair like projections that act as virus receptors for gram negative bacteria
Endospores
o Dormant and highly resistant
o Produced in times of stress
o Contain calcium dipicolinic acid
Plasmids
o Small DNA molecules that are circular or linear
o Self replicating and contain genes for AMR and virulence
Classification of Bacteria
Gram stains
Morphology
Metabolic behaviour
Growth temperatures
Biotyping
Infection patters
Antigenic composition
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