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Hosa Pharmacy Science Study Guide for Test Questions and Answers
Hosa Pharmacy Science Study Guide for Test Questions and Answers
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Hosa Pharmacy Science Study Guide forTest Questions and Answers
Pharmacy Practice History - -...
-German Emperor Frederick II - -First person to separate medical profession
from pharmaceutical
-16th century swiss physician Paracelsus - -Stressed the need for treatment
that would be specific for a particular disease and advocated that alchemists
should prepare medicine and not gold or silver
-In the 1600s-1700s, what was the educational process for pharmacists - -
Apprenticeships
Pass rigid examinations
-Edward Jenner - -Made the small pox vaccines
-Paul Ehrich - -Started chemical treatment of disease
-Robert Koch - -Started the understanding of infectious diseases
-First United States Pharmacopoeia was in what year? Who wrote it? - -Not
pharmacists
-What was the first pharmacy school to open and when did it open - -The
Philadelphia College of Apothecaries;
1821
-Who was the first to have state regulation of pharmacy? When? - -Territory
of Orleans (Louisiana);
1808
-In what year was the pharmacy school conformed to have a certain criteria
to be achieved while in school to graduate - -1932
-Pharmacy practice in 1950s was about what? - -Safety of the drug product
Very drug centered model
-At the _________ pharmacists to see themselves as practitioners of a clinical
profession - -1985 Hilton Head Conference
-Pharmaceutical Care in 1990-1995 - -professional relationship must be
established and maintained
,Present Model
-Apothecary - -Latin term for pharmacist, also used as a general term to
refer to the early practice of pharmacy
-Compounding - -producing, mixing, or preparing a drug by combining two
or more ingredients
-Pharmacy - -the art and science of preparing and dispensing medication
-The Age of Antiquity - -time of ancient human and the great ancient
empires. 5000 BCE (BC) up through CE (AD) 499
-Ancient Humans - -Studied birds and animals - to use water, leaves dirt,
mud, etc for first soothing remedies. Learned by trial and error
-Ancient Mesopotamia - -Babylon, cradle of civilization, earliest known
record of apothecary practice
-Healers - -Priest, pharmacists, and physicians all in one (around 2600 BCE)
-Pen T-Sao - -native herbal recording of 365 drugs, written by Emperor Shen
Nung
-Shen Nung - -Father of chinese medicine who tasted herbs to determine
their toxic effects and died of an overdose. Write Pen T-Sao
-Echelons - -Gathers and preparers of drugs, similar to the modern-day
pharmacy technician
-Chiefs of Fabrication - -Head pharmacist
-Papyrus Ebers - -ancient and important pharmaceutical record in ancient
Egypt, a collection of 800 prescriptions mentioning 700 drugs. written in
1500 BCE
-Charaka Samhita - -recorded approximately 2,000 drugs, is the most
important pharmaceutical record for ancient India, means compendium of
wandering physicians
-Terra Sigilata - -first therapeutic agent to bear a trademark meaning
"sealed earth", small clay tablet about the size of a aspirin
-Theophrastus - -One of the greatest early Greek philosophers and natural
scientist. Known as the father of botany
, -Hippocrates - -"Founder of Medicine" Greek scientist that believed all
diseases came from natural causes. Developed the theory of humors, wrote
Corpus Hippocraticum
-Corpus Hippocraticum - -written by hippocrates, this text was among the
first to reject the idea that illnesses were mystical or caused by demonic
forces and proposed a more scientific view of medicine
-Humors - -Four body fluids - blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile -
that, according to an ancient theory related to a mood or personality
characteristic
-Hippocratic Oath - -An promise made new physicians to treat all people
fairly, and to seek to preserve life. Named after a ancient Greek physician
who is credited with writing it.
-Mithridates VI - -Known for developing and using himself and prisoners to
test poisons and antidotes
-De Materia Medica - -encyclopedia of remedies from plants or roots,
thought to be the first book to organize meds for what they do. Written by
Pedanios Dioscorides
-Galen - -Practiced and taught both pharmacy and medicine in rome during
130-200 CE
-First Apothecaries - -Established by Arabs in the late eighteenth century
separated the arts of the apothecary and physician
-Pharmacopoeia - -a book containing a list of drug products used in
medicine, including their descriptions and formulas
-First organization of pharmacists - -King James I granted a separate
company known as the Master, wardens, and society of art and mystery of
the apothecaries of the city of london
-Christopher Marshall - -Established an apothecary shop in Philadelphia the
shop became a leading retail store, one of the first large scale chemical
manufactures, a training school for pharmacists and an important supply
depot during the American Revolution
-Elizabeth Marshall - -granddaughter of Christopher Marshall; took over
management of the family apothecary store and became the first american
female pharmacist
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