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ATI Chapter 44: Urinary Elimination Exam Questions and Answers (ATI, Fundamentals of Nursing: Unit 4 Ch. 44 Urinary Elimination pp. 448-458)£8.21
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ATI Chapter 44: Urinary Elimination
Exam Questions and Answers (ATI,
Fundamentals of Nursing: Unit 4 Ch.
44 Urinary Elimination pp. 448-458)
______ is a precise system of filtration, reabsorption, and excretion. These
processes help maintain fluid and electrolyte balance while filtering and
excreting watersoluble wastes. - -Urinary elimination
-what are primary organs involved in urinary elimination - -kidneys, with the
nephrons performing most of the functions of filtration and elimination.
-Most adults produce between _____ and _____ mL of urine per day. - -1500
and 2000
-urine passage? - -ureters into the bladder, the storage reservoir for urine.
Once an adequate amount of urine collects in the bladder then ends a signal
to the brain to indicate the need to urinate. The person then relaxes the
internal and external sphincters located at the bottom of the bladder and the
urethra. Urine passes from the bladder through the urethra where it exits the
body.
-Urinary diversions are _____, a stoma for the drainage of urine - -temporary
or permanent
-Ureterostomy - -an incontinent urinary diversion for which the surgeon
attaches one of both ureters via a stoma to the surface attaches one or both
ureters via a stoma to the surface of the abomnal wall.
-Nephrostomy - -an incontinent urinary diversion for which the surgeon
attaches a tube from the renal pelvis via a stoma to the surface of the
abdominal wall
-kock pouch (continent ideal bladder conduit) - -a continent urinary
diversion in which the surgeon forms a reservoir from the ileum. the pouch is
emptied by a clean straight catheterization every 2-3 hours initially, and
every 5term-4-6 hours once the pouch expands to capacity.
-neobladder - -a new bladder created by the surgeon using the ileum that
attaches to the ureters and urethra it allows the client to maintain
continence; the client learns to void by straining the abdominal muscles
, -Urinary diversions may be created for clients for what reasons? - -cancer or
injury to the bladder.
-Factors Affecting Normal Urinary Elimination: - -Age / Pregnancy / Diet
Poor abdominal and pelvic muscle tone
Acute and chronic disease conditions
Spinal cord injury
Immobility / Psychosocial factors / Pain
-factors affecting urinary elimination? - -poor abdominal and pelvic muscle
tone
acute and chronic disorders
spinal cord injury
age (enlarged prostate, few nephrons)
Menopause (decrease perineal tone due to reduced estrogen)
pregnancy
diet
immobility
psychosocial factors
pain
surgical procedures
medications
-factors affecting urinary elimination? Age - --Full bladder control by 4 to 5
years of age
-Enlargement of the prostate after 40 years of age leading to urinary
frequency, hesitancy, retention, incontinence, and urinary tract infections
(UTIs).
-Childbirth and gravity weaken the pelvic floor, putting clients at risk for
prolapse of the bladder, leading to stress incontinence, which clients can
manage with pelvic floor (Kegel) exercises.
Older adult clients
-Fewer nephrons
-Loss of muscle tone of the bladder - frequency occurs
-Inefficient emptying of the bladder - residual urine increasing the risk of UTIs
- Increase in nocturia
-factors affecting urinary elimination? Pregnancy - -- A growing fetus
compromises bladder space and compresses the bladder.
-There is a 30% to 50% increase in circulatory volume, which increases renal
workload and output.
-The hormone relaxin causes relaxation of the sphincter.
-factors affecting urinary elimination? Diet - -- An increase in sodium leads
to decreased urination.
- Caffeine and alcohol intake lead to increased urination.
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