Geography AQA GCSE, Lagos Case Study.
It includes notes on:
General facts about Lagos (good for including in the intro, they impress the examiner)
Causes of population growth
Challenges that Lagos faces as a result of development
Opportunities that Lagos experiences as a result of development...
Facts:
• South West Nigeria
• NOT capital city
• Population = 15 million
• Growth rate - 600,000 people per year
• GDP = £18 billion per year
• Nigeria's centre for trade and commerce
• 80% of Nigeria's industry is in Lagos
• Main financial centre in West Africa
• It has a major international airport and a busy seaport
• By 2040, it's estimated to be the 3rd largest city in the world
Causes of the population growth:
• Main reason is rural to urban migration
• People are encouraged to leave the countryside due to the push factors forcing them
out and the pull factors encouraging them into the city.
Challenges Lagos faces:
Managing urban growth
• ⅔ of the population live in squatter settlements or slums. This brings with it other
issues of sanitation, education and health etc.
• The city can't keep up with the rapid urban growth - 600,000 new people annually.
This leads to more and more people living in illegal settlements, such as Makoko,
which is built out onto the water.
Providing water, sanitation and energy:
• Lagos lacks adequate clean water
• 90% of the population don't have clean, piped water
• Only 10% of people living in Lagos have a septic tank, which leads to sewage
contaminating the water supply.
• This causes contaminated water supplies and leads to other issues such as disease.
• Also, Lagos experiences frequent power cuts
Unemployment:
• No unemployment benefits.
• Many people as a result are forced to work in the informal economy - about 40% of
Lagos' workforce is in the informal economy. This creates many problems though as
often this work is poorly paid, unregulated and dangerous.
Lagos - opportunities
Education (social opportunity)
• 90% of Nigerian children in urban areas attend primary school, compared to 60% in
rural areas.
• The city also has a higher literacy rate than the rest of Nigeria.
• The number of universities in Lagos is also growing. The University of Lagos has
around 57,000 students.
Employment (economic opportunity)
• More jobs available than in rural areas, many in the informal economy. Working in
the informal economy also means that they don't have to pay tax.
• Incomes can be 4x higher in Lagos than in rural Nigeria.
• Rapid growth has led to many construction jobs , eg building Eko Atlantic
Become the hub of many industries
• Lagos generates a ¼ of Nigeria's GDP
• Hub for industries such as manufacturing, finance, tech.
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