Exam (elaborations)
MIBO 3500 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS FULLY SOLVED & UPDATED 2023.
- Institution
- Oxford University (OX)
MIBO 3500 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS FULLY SOLVED & UPDATED 2023.
[Show more]
Content preview
MIBO 3500 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS FULLYSOLVED & UPDATED 2023
Genome - answer all the genetic material the organism contains
Vertical transmission - answer -from parent to offspring
-same species (binary fission)
Horizontal transmission - answer -transfer of small pieces of DNA from one cell to another
-different or same species
1) transformation
2) conjugation
3) transduction
Transformation - answer The process of importing free DNA into bacterial cells, cells need to be
competent to do this (dead bacteria to live)
Dr. Griffith - answer -studied streptococcus pnemoniae in mice
-"bacteria can transfer info" to each other
Genetic Material Transfer - answer -S strain on agar plate leads to illness, and isolation of S
colonies
-R strain is not fatal, and isolation of R colonies
-Heat-killed S strain prevents illness and no isolation of colonies
-heat-killed S + living R caused disease and both "S" and "R" were recovered (info sharing
between dead "S" and "R")
,How did smooth and rough strains recover if the smooth strains were dead and only the rough
were alive? - answer -"R" picked up genes from the dead "S" (transformation) and became
pathogenic
Structure of bacterial genomes - answer -circular; nucleoid condensed in middle of cell
-"S" strain has capsule (outer sugar)
-"R" strain no capsule
Conjugation - answer -horizontal gene transfer between two lives cells that requires cell-cell
contact, pili, and the presence of special transferable plasmids
-bacteria looks for another that does not have the same surface proteins or plasmid
Relaxase - answer Binds to coupling protein to feed DNA into the pillus for conjugation
Size of prokaryotic genomes - answer ~130-14,000 kb (human = >3 million kb)
How does bacteria fit all of the DNA into the cell? - answer the DNA gets supercoiled
Compared to humans, how much of the DNA in bacteria consists of non-coding regions? -
answer very little; bacteria is less than 15% non-coding, while humans are more than 90% non-
coding
Operon - answer gene that can operate independently or together with others
Monocistronic mRNA - answer mRNA that codes for a single type of protein (bacteria and
eukaryotes)
polycistronic mRNA - answer Single bacterial RNA molecule that encodes more than one
polypeptide chain (bacteria)
, Regulons - answer a collection of genes or operons with a unified biochemical purpose (ie. sugar
catabolism)
RPOS regulon - answer "Starvation" regulon (helps bacteria survive starvation)
Positive supercoiling - answer DNA is overwound, which is more stable, but keeps the DNA from
being replicated; most often in archaea with a low pH and high temp
Negative supercoiling - answer DNA is underwound; most often in bacteria, archaea, and
eukaryotes
What is in charge of supercoiling DNA? - answer Topoisomerases
Type I Topoisomerases - answer usually single proteins; cleaves one strand of DNA
Type I Action - answer 1) Type I protein comes in onto original strand and introduces cut in DNA
2) Ligase reseals the cut
3) Less # of supercoils than original strand
(can also introduce supercoils, not simply cut them)
Type II Topoisomerases - answer have multiple subunits; cleave both strands of DNA
ie. DNA gyrase
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller FREEMANSHARP. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £12.65. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
79223 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 14 years now