Exam (elaborations)
Developmental Psychology Childhood and Adolescence 9th Edition by Shaffer - Test Bank
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,CHAPTER 1—INTRODUCTION TO DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY AND ITSRESEARCH STRATEGIES
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ____ refers to systematic continuities and changes in an individual that happen over the course of life.
a. Randomization
b. Metabolism
c. Accumulation
d. Development
ANS: D DIF: moderate REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology
MSC: Factual NOT: New
2. In the context of this course, development refers to
a. growth in the national economy.
b. advances in civilization’s technologies.
c. continuities and changes during the organism’s lifespan.
d. the evolution of species in the animal kingdom.
ANS: C DIF: easy REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology
MSC: Conceptual
3. The assertion that development occurs from “womb to tomb” implies that
a. it is a lifelong experience.
b. death may precede the organism’s conception.
c. nurturance of young is an unavoidable activity.
d. maturation and learning are essentially the same.
ANS: A DIF: moderate REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology
MSC: Conceptual
4. Changes during development that are orderly, patterned, and enduring are described as
a. systematic.
b. immutable.
c. randomized.
d. self-directed.
ANS: A DIF: moderate REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology
MSC: Factual
5. The continuities of development are aspects that
a. show abrupt, sudden change with age.
b. depend on the organism’s intention.
c. regress with age to simpler forms or types.
d. remain stable over time or reflect the past.
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, ANS: D DIF: moderate REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology
MSC: Conceptual
6. Two important processes that underlie developmental changes are
a. history and parenting.
b. evolution and experience.
c. maturation and learning.
d. cognition and behavior.
ANS: C DIF: moderate REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology
MSC: Conceptual
7. An example of a maturational change would be
a. learning how to add numbers.
b. learning to speak one’s parents’ language.
c. imitating the facial expressions of a cartoon character.
d. disappearance of an infant reflex at a predictable age.
ANS: D DIF: moderate REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology
MSC: Applied
8. In the first week after hatchout, chicks improve their accuracy of pecking for seeds, regardless of their
visual experience. This reflects development from
a. learning.
b. maturation.
c. cross-sectioning.
d. digestion.
ANS: B DIF: difficult REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology
MSC: Applied
9. ____ is a process by which our experiences produce relatively permanent changes in our feelings,
thoughts, and behaviors.
a. Maturation
b. History
c. Accommodation
d. Learning
ANS: D DIF: easy REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology
MSC: Factual
10. The text especially emphasizes development during ____ of the lifespan.
a. childhood and adolescence
b. young adulthood
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, c. the senior years
d. all ages equally
ANS: A DIF: easy REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology
MSC: Factual
11. A researcher videotaped preschoolers at a playground for a study of the frequency of cooperative
behaviors. His research goal was
a. description.
b. explanation.
c. changing behavior.
d. optimization.
ANS: A DIF: moderate REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology
MSC: Applied
12. By specifying how people change over time, the research goal of ____ establishes the facts of
development.
a. optimization
b. longitudinalization
c. explanation
d. description
ANS: D DIF: moderate REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology
MSC: Conceptual
13. Suppose researchers find that the average American baby begins to stand by itself at the age of 10
months. This finding is related to ____ development.
a. psychoanalytic
b. ideographic
c. nonrepresentative
d. normative
ANS: D DIF: moderate REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology
MSC: Applied
14. In contrast with well-fed American babies, impoverished babies in rural Africa achieve movement
skills at consistently younger average ages. This is an example of research on ____ development.
a. optimized
b. psychophysical
c. the ecological validity of
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