emergent literacy - ANSKnowledge and skills relating to reading that children usually develop
from experience with books and other print media before the beginning of formal reading
instruction in school.
Letter-Sound correspondence - ANSknowledge that letters and letter patterns represent sounds
of spoken words
Alphabetic Principle - ANSan understanding that letters and letter patterns represent the sounds
of spoken words.
fluency - ANSsmoothness of speech, not about speed
Print Rich Environment - ANSA setting in which printed material are used throughout the
classroom in meaningful ways.
Basal Reader - ANSA kind of book that is used to teach reading. It is based on an approach in
which words are used as a whole. The words are used over and over in each succeeding
lesson. New words are added regularly.
phonological awareness - ANSthe ability to reflect on and manipulate the sound structure of
spoken language
phoneme - ANSsmallest unit of sound
diphthong - ANSThe sound produced by combining two vowels in to a single syllable or running
together the sounds.
Example" cow, ear, say
Digraph - ANSn. A union of two characters representing a single sound.
Ex sh, ch, th
orthographic processing - ANSThe way an individual sees a word or string of letters
Cat - cta
Phonics - ANSthe sounds that letters make and the letters that are used to represent sounds
homophone - ANSa word that has the same sound but a different meaning as another word
, Flower, Flour
receptive language - ANSability to understand what is being said
expressive language - ANSthe ability to use sounds, signs, or symbols to communicate
meaning
spelling patterns - ANSpatterns of letters or sounds in words that constitute a word family, for
example, -an as in can, man, fan.
Guided Reading - ANSteacher explains the purpose for reading a particular text as well as the
structure for how to respond to what is read.
Choral Reading - ANSreading aloud in unison with a whole class or group of students. Choral
reading helps build students' fluency, self-confidence, and motivation.
Shared Reading - ANSa modeling strategy in which the teacher reads a story and the children
join in.
Informal Reading Inventory - ANSStudent reads aloud while teacher notes miscues. Student
then answers comprehension questions. Then the student is timed while reading the passages
silently and answering comprehension questions.
Miscue Analysis - ANSA way of acquiring insight into children's reading strategies by studying
the mistakes they make when reading aloud.
cloze - ANSFill in the blanks
Anecdotal Recording - ANSObservations of behavior in which the teacher notes all behaviors
and interactions that occur during a given period of time
Running Record - ANSa record of everything observed for a set period, such as 15 minutes
Pragmatics (use) - ANSgovern how language is used for social purposes
word recognition - ANSthe process of automatically determining the pronunciation and some
degree of the meaning of an unknown word
Semantics - ANSthe set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and
sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning
Syntax - ANSthe rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given
language
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