DNA - The Code Of Life notes include:
- Discovery of DNA
- Nitrogenous bases
- Role of DNA
- Genes and non-coding DNA
- DNA replication
- RNA
- Protein synthesis (transcription & translation)
- Genetic aberrations
- DNA technology
- Mitochondrial DNA
Role of DNA
● Codes for proteins
● Forms genes carrying hereditary information
● Replicates for cell division
Genes and non-coding DNA
● Genes code for proteins = exons
● No-coding genes = introns (form functional RNA molecules)
DNA replication
- Mitosis
- During interphase
- Genetic code passed onto daughter cell
Process:
1. Process catalysed by DNA polymerase
2. Helicase = double-helix unwinds
3. Weak hydrogen bonds break
4. All strands are exposed templates
5. Free nucleotides pair up with complementary bases
6. New backbone of sugars and phosphates forms
7. New DNA strands twist into a double helix
8. Double helix winds itself around histones = chromosomes
9. Two exact copies formed
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