these notes cover market demand in microeconomics. The notes will cover the inverse demand function. Additionally the Elasticities of demand are covered.
Principles of Microeconomics Lecture – Market Demand
Elasticity measures the “sensitivity” of one variable with respect to another.
The elasticity of variable X with respect to variable Y is
o
Economists use elasticities to measure the sensitivity of
o quantity demanded of commodity i with respect to the price of commodity i (own-price elasticity of
demand)
o demand for commodity i with respect to the price of commodity j (cross-price elasticity of demand).
The slope of the demand curve is not used to measure sensitivity of quantity demanded toa change in a
commodity’s own price because the value of sensitivity then depends upon the (arbitrary) unites of
measurement used for quantity demanded
Own price elasticity of demand is a ratio percentages and so has no units of measurement
o Hence own price elasticity of demand is a sensitivity measure that is independent of units of
measurement
If raising a commodity’s price causes little decrease in quantity demanded, then sellers’ revenues rise.
o Hence own-price inelastic demand causes sellers’ revenues to rise as price rises
If raising a commodity’s price causes a large decrease in quantity demanded, then sellers’ revenues fall.
o Hence own-price elastic demand causes sellers’ revenues to fall as price rises.
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