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Summary education sociology organiser
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Summary of 18 pages for the course Unit 2 SCLY2 - Education with Research Methods; Health with Research Methods at AQA (Education)
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AQA A LEVEL SOCIOLOGYUNIT 2 – EDUCATION
COMPLETED KNOWLEDGE ORGANISERS
, Introduction to Education
Early Years and Foundation Stage
State Schools Private Schools Alternative Provision
Schools for those that are
Nursery Reception Schools which are funded by the government Fee paying schools unable to attend main
0 - 4 years old 4 – 5 years old stream education
Community schools or maintained schools are funded by the local Private / Independent Pupil Referral Units – PRUs are a
authority and not influenced by business or religious groups and follow Schools - Schools where type of school that caters for
the national curriculum. children who can’t attend a
students pay fees in order to
attend, they can be day mainstream school. Pupils are
Foundation and voluntary schools, which are funded by the local often referred there if they
schools or boarding schools but
Primary School authority but have more freedom to change the way they do things - need greater care and support
they are independent of the
sometimes they are supported by representatives from religious groups. than their school can provide.
regulations and conditions
which apply to state funded Children who attend a PRU
Key Stage 1 / Year 1 & 3 Key Stage 2 / Year 4 – 6 City Technology Colleges (CTCs) are all-ability secondary schools based might be
schools. They may choose to
5 – 8 years old 8 – 11 years old in urban centres and geared towards science, maths, technology and follow some regulations such as • Permanently excluded for
preparing students for the world of work. 15 City Technology Colleges Curriculum or the type of behaviour reasons,
were created, of which all but three have converted to academies. • Experiencing emotional or
examinations they choose to
do but they don’t have to. behavioural difficulties,
• Experiencing
Grammar schools are state secondary schools that are free to attend but
severe bullying.
select their pupils by means of an examination taken by children at age
11, known as the "11-plus". There are only about 163 grammar schools in
• Pregnant or young mothers.
Secondary School
England.
Special Education Schools:
Public Schools – Schools A school catering for students
Key Stage 3 / Year 7 – 9 Key Stage 4 / Year 10 – 11 Academy schools are state-funded schools in England which are directly which are long established who have special educational
11 – 14 years old 14 – 16 years old funded by the Department for Education but independent of local and are fee paying but also needs due to learning
authority control. Academies are self-governing non-profit charitable require an entrance exam difficulties, physical disabilities
trusts.They do not have to follow the National Curriculum but do have to in order to attend. or behavioral
ensure that their curriculum is broad and balanced, and that it includes problems. Special schools may
the core subjects of mathematics and English. be specifically designed,
e.g. Eton and Cheltenham
staffed and resourced to
Free schools are funded by the government but are not run by the local Ladies College provide appropriate special
Further Education authority. They have more control over how they do things. They’re ‘all- education for children with
16 – 19 years old ability’ schools, so can not use academic selection processes. Free additional needs.
schools are run on a not-for-profit basis and can be set up by groups like,
charities, universities, independent schools, community and faith groups, International Schools –
teachers, parents, businesses. Home Schooling:
Sixth Form College Schools which cater to the Homeschooling means learning
Faith schools have to follow the national curriculum, but they can choose international community outside of the public or
what they teach in religious studies. Faith schools may have and follow an international private school environment. For
different admissions criteria and staffing policies to state schools, although curriculum such as the most families, their "schooling"
anyone can apply for a place. Internal Baccalureate, involves being out and about
International Primary each day, learning from the
Single Sex Schools are schools which select based on gender. They are
Higher Education Curriculum and iGCSE’s rich resources available in their
100% Male or Female in the student body, although many become co-Ed
18+
community, and through
at 6th form level.
interactions with other families
A state boarding school is one where you pay for boarding and the who homeschool.
Batchelors education is free. The government pays for the education as it would at
Masters Degree Doctorate
Degree any other state school in England. There are around 40 State Boarding
Schools in the UK.
, Role and functions of Education: Functionalism
The four functions of education
Identify + Key Thinker Explain Evaluation
Human Capital means the
stock of Knowledge, skills, The education system meets a functional pre-request • Ignores aspects of education which
values, habits and creativity Socialisation and of society by passing on the cultural and values of are dysfunctional, such as negative
that makes someone an Social Solidarity society. This is achieved hidden curriculum and PSHE conflict.
1 lessons.
economic asset to society.
Durkheim This helps to build social solidarity as it teaches • Myth of meritocracy – private
students the core values of society. education
Parsons believed that schools provide a link between • Marxists – Hidden Curriculum
Bridge between the family and wider society which allows students to reinforces social inequality and
family and society. move from the ascribed status and particularistic maintains ruling class ideology.
Hidden Curriculum means the 2 values of the home to the meritocratic and
informal learning processes Parsons universalistic values of wider society. • Feminists – Hidden curriculum
that happen in school It is a maintains and reinforces patriarchy
side effect of education that not meritocracy.
This suggests that investment in education benefits the
teaches students the norms Developing Human wider economy. Education can provide properly
and values of society. • Wong – Functionalists see children
Capital trained, qualified and flexible workforce. They argue
3 that education makes sure that the best and most
as passive puppets of socialisation
when the process is much more
Schultz qualified people end up in jobs that require the most
complex and involves teacher –
skill.
pupil relationships.
The education systems provides a means to selecting
Particularistic Values means and sifting people into the social hierarchy. In a • There is a weak link between
Role Allocation educational achievement and
values and Rules which only meritocratic society access to jobs and power, wealth
4 and status are directly linked to educational economic success.
apply to that particular Davis and Moore achievement.
Person in a given situation
(e.g. Home)
New Right View of Education
Role of Education Influence of Education Policy
Similar beliefs to the functionalists but believe that he state takes 1980’s Vocational Education
too much of a role and the free market policies (marketisation) 1988 Education Reform Act:
Universalistic Values means would raise standards. • Funding formula
values and Rules which apply • League Tables
to all members of Schools should compete with one another and parents and
New Labour - Academies
Society equally. pupils should be seen as consumers.
Coalition Government
Chubb and Moe - Education Vouchers and Parentocracy. • Free Schools
• Privatisation of Education
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