A summary of joint mobilisations carried out on both equine and canine patients, including their method of application for both the appendicular and axial skeletons
n e joint
Equbiilisations
mo
Atlanto-occipital:
Passive: Place the horse’s head on
your shoulder and with your hands on
C6:
Passive: Stand at the horse’s side and
place lateral force to the vertebral
the poll, gently guide the head and body
neck cranially.
C7:
Atlanto-axial: Passive: using an assistant, retract the
Passive: stand at the side of the forelimb and then apply lateral flexion
horse’s head and with one hand above to the vertebral body, as the forelimb
the nose, move the head up and down typically blocks access to this in a
as if they’re nodding their head. You neutral position.
can also move their head side-to-side T8-T16
as if they’re shaking their head. Passive: apply oblique dorsoventral
force to each spinous process. For
Baited: using a treat, encourage the lateroflexion, stabilise the vertebrae
horse to nod their head up and down, previous and use the tail to bend the
and side-to-side. thorax towards you. You can also do
this more accurately by stabilising the
C3-C5: previous spinous process and use the
Passive: stand to the side of the horse other hand to pull the following
and with one hand on the nose and spinous process towards you.
another on each vertebral body, bring
the nose to the side to assess T17-T18
lateroflexion. To assess translation
Passive: apply dorsoventral force to
within the joint, stabilise the opposite
the spinous processes, perpendicular
side of the vertebral body and use the
to the vertebral column.
closest hand to apply oblique
dorsoventral force towards the L1-L6
contralateral ear. Passive: apply dorsoventral force to
each spinous process, perpendicular to
Baited: stand to the side of the horse the vertebral column. For
and with one hand on the targetted lateroflexion, use the spinous
vertebral body, use the other hand processes and apply a ventromedial
and a treat to encourage lateroflexion. force.
, n e joint
Equbiilisations
mo
Sacroiliac
Passive: apply a dorsoventral force
from tuber sacrale in the direction of
Metacarpus
Passive: apply cranial and caudal
forces by stabilising the proximal end
the tuber coxae
of the joint and moving the distal end
Scapula: (the hoof). Some valgus and varus
Passive: apply a cranial scapula glide accessory movements are also
by lifting the forelimb with full elbow available here. Do this in a close
and shoulder flexion packed position (whereby the joint
Carpus: surfaces are mostly in contact with
Passive: apply cranial and caudal eachother) which is full flexion here.
forces by stabilising the proximal end Proximal/distal
of the joint and moving the distal end
(the hoof). Some valgus and varus interphalangeal
accessory movements are also Passive: apply cranial and caudal forces by
available here. Do this with the carpus stabilising the proximal end of the joint
flexed at 90 degrees. and moving the distal end (the hoof). Some
rotational accessory movements are also
available here.
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