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Cognition International Edition 6th Edition by Robert J. Sternberg - Test Bank
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, CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION TO COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
OUTLINE FOR CHAPTER 1
SUPPLEMENTAL ACTIVITIES
A. In-Class Activities
1. A Survey to Identify a Student’s Bias in Psychology—
Determining Your School of Psychology
2. Identifying Quotes from Various Antecedents to Cognitive
Psychology
3. Student Presentations relating to the Cognitive Revolution.
4. Consciousness
B. Promoting Discussion
1. Historical Approaches to Psychology: Pick a Favorite
2. Take Apart an Experiment
3. Using YouTube to Generate Discussion on the
Nature/Nurture Debate and Homosexuality
USEFUL WEBSITES
TEST BANK
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, OUTLINE FOR CHAPTER 1
I. INTERESTING FINDINGS IN COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
A. Change Blindness
B. Inattentional Blindness
C. Cocktail Party Effect
II. COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY DEFINED
A. Dialectic
B. Thesis
C. Antithesis
III. PHILOSOPHICAL ANTECEDENTS OF PSYCHOLOGY
A. Rationalism (Plato) versus Empiricism (Aristotle)
B. French Rationalist (Descartes) versus British Empiricist (Locke)
C. Synthesis Dialectics (Kant)
IV. PSYCHOLOGICAL ANTECEDENTS OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
A. Early Dialectics in the Psychology of Cognition
1. Structuralism
a. Wundt, Titchner
b. Introspection
2. Functionalism: An Alternative to Structuralism
a. Relation to Pragmatists
b. William James, John Dewey
3. Synthesis: Associationism
a. Ebbinghaus
b. Thorndike
c. Pavlov
B. From Associationism to Behaviorism
1. Proponents of Behaviorism
a. Watson
b. Skinner
2. Behaviorists Daring to Peek into the Black Box
a. Tolman
b. Bandura
C. Gestalt Psychology
V. EMERGENCE OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
A. Cognitivism
B. Early Role of Psychobiology
C. Add a Dash of Technology: Engineering, Computation, and Applied Cognitive Psychology
D. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
E. Early Cognitive Psychologist
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, VI. COGNITION AND INTELLIGENCE
A. Intelligence Defined
B. Expanding the concept of intelligence
1. Metacognition
2. Cultural intelligence
C. Major Models
1. Caroll: Three-Stratum Model
2. Garner: Multiple Intelligences
3. Sternberg: The Triarchic Theory
VII. RESEARCH METHODS IN COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
A. Theory to Hypothesis
B. Understanding statistical significance
C. Specific Research Methods
1. Experiments
a. Independent and Dependent variables
b. Control and Confounding variables
c. Representative and random sample
2. Correlational data
3. Psychobiological research
4. Postmortem
5. Cerebral activity in animals
6. Self-report, Case studies, and Naturalistic Observation
7. Computer Simulations and Artificial Intelligence
D. Putting It All Together
1. Cognitive Science
VIII. KEY IDEAS IN COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
A. Data supports theories.
B. Cognition is adaptive.
C. Cognitive processes interact with each other and with noncognitive processes.
D. Multiple research methods are needed.
E. All basic research leads to applications and all applied research lead tounderstanding.
IV. KEY ISSUES AND FIELDS WITHIN COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
A. Nature versus Nurture
B. Rationalism versus Empiricism
C. Structures versus Processes
D. Domain Generality versus Domain Specificity
E. Validity of Causal Inferences versus Ecological Validity
F. Applied versus Basic Research
G. Biological versus Behavioral Methods
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