Explore Introductory Mammalian Physiology with these specialized notes crafted for Year 1 students at University College London. Immerse yourself in the intricacies of the respiratory system, where discussions unfold on the mechanisms underlying breathing and gas exchange. Humanize your understandi...
The Respiratory System
The Respiratory System
Lungs
o Purpose of lungs
Decrease the diffusion distance
Allows efficient exchange of gases
Remove CO2
Take in O2
o Lung structure
Nasal cavity / mouth trachea primary bronchi divides into secondary and
tertiary bronchi bronchioles terminal bronchioles alveoli
o 17 million branches
o 300 million alveoli
o Structure of the bronchus and bronchioles
Cartilage
o Around the outside of the bronchi
o C-shaped cartilage
Allows diameter of tubes to be manipulated
o Allow parts of airways to remain open under significant pressure
Epithelium
o Lines airways
o Mucus
Traps particulate matter
Traps micro-organisms
, The Respiratory System
o Cilia
Hair like projections that beat to move debris out of the airway
Glands
o Make and release mucus onto the surface
Smaller bronchioles
o Less cartilage – more prone to collapse
o Less mucus and cilia
o Alveolar epithelial structure
Alveolar cells
o Thin
Nucleus
Cell membranes
Capillary
o On surface of alveolus
o Carries O2 bound to haemoglobin
o Loses CO2
o Takes up O2
o Haemoglobin saturation
Arterial blood
o Blood is 97% saturated with O2
Venous blood
o Blood is 75% saturated with O2
o O2 dissociation curve
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