Lecture notes
Autonomic Nervous System
- Institution
- Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU)
Summary from the lecture notes on ANS.
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Autonomic Nervous SystemDivisions
Organisation
Physiology and Pharmacology
Central control
Responsible for the regulation of visceral functions and maintenance
of homeostasis of the internal environment
Not under conscious control
Divisions
Sympathetic Division (SANS)
Parasympathetic Division (PANS)
Enteric Division
General organisation of the ANS
2 neuron chain
1st neuron= cell body in the central NS (preganglionic neuron)
Synapse in ganglia where second-order neurons originate from and
which innervate effectors (postganglionic neuron)
Organisation of the SANS
Preganglionic neurons lie in the intermediolateral cell column
between T1-L2 (i.e. Thoracolumbar outflow)
Preganglionic fibres synapse in paired paravertebral ganglia (22
of these on either side of the spinal cord extending from cervical to
sacral region)
Preganglionic fibres may pass up/down the paravertebral ganglia
before synapsing
Expectations
Some preganglionic neurons pass through the paravertebral ganglia
without synapsing
These preganglionic neurons eventually synapse with
postganglionic neurons in the prevertebral ganglia
These postganglionic neurons innervate the glands, blood vessels
and smooth muscles of the abdominal and pelvic viscera
Some preganglionic fibres directly innervate the adrenal gland
Adrenal gland may be considered to be a specialised sympathetic
ganglia
Effect of stimulation is to release adrenaline and noradrenaline into
the blood resulting in a diffuse, wide-ranging sympathetic response
SANS NTs
Between pre and postganglionic neurons, the NTS is acetylcholine-
the receptor subtype is nicotinic (cholinergic)
Between postganglionic neuron and effector the NT is noradrenaline-
the receptor subtype is adrenergic
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