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- WGU - C168 - Critical Thinking - Module 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
- WGU - C168 - Critical Thinking - Module 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
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- WGU - C168 - Critical Thinking -Module 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
Critical thinking comprises three interlinking dimensions - -Analyzing,
evaluating, and improving
-Critical thinking is characteristically - -self-directed,
self-disciplined,
self-monitored,
self-corrective
-Stereotype - -A fixed or a oversimplified conception of a person, group, or
idea
-Egocentrism - -the tendency to view everything in relationship to oneself
-Sociocentrism - -assumption that one's own social group is inherently
superior to all others
-First-order thinking (ordinary thinking) - -Spontaneous and non-reflective,
contains insight, prejudice, good and bad reasoning
-Second-order thinking (critical thinking) - -First-order thinking that is
consciously realized (i.e., analyzed, assessed, and reconstructed)
-Weak sense critical thinkers - -Ignore the flaws in their own thinking, Often
seek to win an argument through intellectual trickery or deceit.
-Strong sense critical thinkers - -Consistent pursuit of what is intellectually
fair and just, strive to be ethical
-Fair mindedness - -The commitment to consider al relevant opinions
equally without regards to one's own sentiments or selfish interests.
-Intellectual unfairness - -Feel no responsibility to represent viewpoints with
which they disagree fairly and accurately
-Intelectual humility - -Commitment to discovering the extent of one's own
ignorance on any issue
-Intellectual arrogance - -Overestimation of how much one knows
-Intellectual Courage - -Confronting ideas, viewpoints, or beliefs with
fairness, even when doing so is painful
,-Intellectual cowardice - -Fear of ideas that do not conform to one's own
-Intellectual Empathy - -Inhabiting the perspectives of others in order to
genuinely understand them
-Intellectual self-centeredness - -Thinking centered on self
-Intellectual Integrity - -Holding oneself to the same rigorous intellectual
standards that one expects others to meet
-Intellectual dishonesty - -Marked by contradictions and inconsistencies of
which the perpetrator is unconscious
-Intellectual Perseverance - -Working one's way through intellectual
complexities despite frustrations inherent in doing so, Not giving up when
confronted by complicated problems that don't lend themselves to easy
solutions
-Intellectual laziness - -Giving up quickly when confronted with a tough
intellectual challenge
-Confidence in Reason - -Proceeds from the belief that both the individual's
and society's higher interests are best served by unfettered reason
-Intellectual distrust of reason - -Lack of confidence in reason, Inclines us to
assert the truth of our own beliefs, flawed though they might be
-Intellectual Autonomy - -Thinking for oneself while adhering to standards of
rationality
-Intellectual conformity - -Intellectual dependence, Society rewards
conformity of thought, which perpetuates the status quo (political, economic,
or intellectual), while providing scant incentive for true intellectual autonomy
-Tactics for the beginning critical thinker - -Use "wasted" time,
Handle one problem per day,
Internalize intellectual standards,
Keep an intellectual journal,
Practice intellectual strategies,
Reshape your character,
Deal with your ego,
Redefine the way you see things,
Get in touch with your emotions,
Analyze group influences on your life.
, -Three Functions of the Mind - -Thinking, Feeling, and Wanting
-Elements of reasoning are also called - -the parts of thinking or
fundamental structures of thought
-Universal elements are - -Purposes,
Questions,
Assumptions,
Implications,
Information,
Concepts,
Inferences,
Points of View
-Purposes - -The goal or objective of reasoning
-Questions - -What directs reasoning. All reasoning involves answering at
least one question
-Assumptions - -Beliefs that are taken for granted(taken to be true) in
reasoning
-Implications and consequences - -What follows from reasoning. Reasoning
delivers us to a position or viewpoint about something.
-Information - -What the facts are (what is true). We use it whenever we
reason.
-Concepts - -What are used to classify or categorize information(ideas)
-Inferences - -The conclusion drawn from reasoning
-Points of view - -The place from which reassoning occurs (perspective)
-Our purpose affects - -How we ask questions
-How we ask questions affects - -The information we gather
-The information we gather affects - -The inferences we make from it
-What we infer from the information affects - -How we conceptualize it
-How we conceptualize the information affects - -The assumptions we make
-The assumptions we make affect - -The implications that follow from our
thinking
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