Exam (elaborations)
C168 WGU Critical Thinking and Logic June 2017
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- C168 WGU Critical Thinking And Logic June 2017
C168 WGU Critical Thinking and Logic June 2017
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C168 WGU Critical Thinking and LogicJune 2017
Clarity - -Being unambiguous and easily understood
-Purpose - -The goal or objective of reasoning
-Concepts - -General categories or ideas by which we interpret or classify
information used in our thinking
-Inference - -A logical process of drawing conclusions
-Precision - -Being precise or exact
-Implication - -What logically follows from reasoning
-Assumptions - -Unstated or hidden beliefs that support our explicit
reasoning about something
-Point of view - -The particular perspective from which something is
observed or thought through
-Accuracy - -Being near to the true value or meaning of something
-Egocentrism - -The tendency to view everything in relationship to oneself
and to regard one's own opinions, values, or interests as most important
-Fair-mindedness - -The commitment to consider all relevant opinions
equally without regard to one's own sentiments or selfish interests
-Fallacies - -Flaws or errors in reasoning which, when found in the premise
of an argument, invalidate its conclusion
-Intellectual cowardice - -Fear of ideas or viewpoints that do not conform to
one's own
-Intellectual empathy - -The act of routinely inhabiting the perspectives of
others in order to genuinely understand them
-Intellectual humility - -Openness to the possibility that one's beliefs are
mistaken and a willingness to reevaluate them in the face of new evidence or
persuasive counterarguments
, -Intellectual perseverance - -The act of working one's way through
intellectual complexities despite frustrations inherent in doing so
-Second-order thinking - -Another term for critical thinking. It is first-order
thinking (or ordinary thinking) that is consciously realized (i.e., analyzed,
assessed, and improved)
-First-order thinking - -Ordinary thinking that is spontaneous and non-
reflective, contains insight, prejudice and good and bad reasoning, and is
indiscriminately combined
-Sociocentrism - -The assumption that one's own social group is inherently
superior to all others; seeing the social conventions, beliefs and taboos of
your society as the only correct way to live and think
-Sophistry - -The ability to win an argument regardless of flaws in its
reasoning
-Stereotype - -A fixed or oversimplified conception of a person, group, or
idea
-Strong-sense critical thinking - -Thinking that uses critical thinking skills to
evaluate all beliefs, especially one's own, and that pursues what is
intellectually fair and just
-Weak-sense critical thinking - -Thinking that does not consider counter
viewpoints, that lacks fair-mindedness and that uses critical thinking skills
simply to defend current beliefs
-Common factor method - -In analyzing causation, looking for a single
shared factor
-Concomitant variation - -In analyzing causation, looking for a pattern of
variation between a possible cause and a possible effect
-Process of elimination - -In analyzing causation, successively ruling out
non-causal factors until one correct causal factor remains
-Question of fact - -A question with one correct answer
-Question of judgment - -A question with competing and debatable answers
-Question of preference - -A question with many possible subjective
answers
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