100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Summary Neurogenomics of Speech and Language Disorders £4.76   Add to cart

Summary

Summary Neurogenomics of Speech and Language Disorders

 14 views  3 purchases
  • Module
  • Institution

Everything you need to know to pass the test. I summarized the slides and was actively present in the classes + Taking notes. I passed the test with a 7,2.

Preview 3 out of 28  pages

  • December 4, 2023
  • 28
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary
avatar-seller
Neurogenomics of Speech and Language Disorders

,Lesson 1

Vocalization mechanisms:
Air exhaled from lungs drive oscillations of vocal ‘cords’ in the larynx. The
rate of oscillation determines the pitch.
Acoustic energy passes through the vocal tract (pharyngeal, oral & nasal
cavities) and out to environment via nostrils/lips.

Filtering: formants modify sound, only some frequencies get through.
Formants are determined by the length/shape of the vocal tract; they are
modified by moving articulators (tongue, lips, soft palate...).

So for example ‘beet’, ‘boot’, ‘bought’ & ‘bat’ differ in formant structure.



The importance of motor control in speech
Fine rapid movements of vocal articulators (tongue, lips, jaw etc.) closely
synchronised with each other and with vibrations of larynx, e.g. ‘pat’ versus
‘bat’, depends on when larynx begins vibrating relative to vocal tract
movements. Tiny difference in timing can change phonemes.




Decoding neural basis of language
The Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area are important for speech and language. With structural MRI
you can analyse in vivo scans instead of waiting for people with lesions in brain areas to die and do
post-mortem studies.

Some species are better in vocal learning than others. Exp. Hummingbirds, bats, humans, parrots.

, There are differences in the larynx, the larynx in humans are lower than in apes. This could be the
reason that we can produce speech, because the tongue can really move backwards and forwards.
The lowering of the larynx was thus an important step in evolution of speech.

Humans also communicate with sign language. Non-verbal communication.



Speech and language disorders




You can do Twin studies to study speech and language disorders. For instance comparing identical
twins to unidentical twins.
Question: one of the twins has a language disorder, does the other twin also have a language
disorder?
If the concordance is more prevalent in identical twins than in unidentical twins you can say that it
has something to do with genetics.

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller StephSilentium. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for £4.76. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

84866 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 14 years now

Start selling
£4.76  3x  sold
  • (0)
  Add to cart