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Psychology in Everyday Life CW2
- Institution
- University Of Westminster (UOW)
10 questions about lectures covered in; Psychology in Everyday Life module
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Psychology in Everyday Life CW2 - Short answer questions portfolio(Weighting 60%)
Please answer all questions fully, but concisely. Each question will be marked out of 10.
Writing concisely is an important academic skill. It is recommended that you write
between 150 – 200 words for each answer. Make sure you read all the instructions
carefully and submit to Turnitin via Blackboard before the assessment deadline.
1. Is happiness self-indulgent?
Happiness is the term used to describes the positive feeling that makes an individual
feel good such as being grateful, feeling fulfilled and satisfied.
There are many reasons for individuals to feel or decide to be happy and that is for
the many benefits that happiness has to offers, such as helping people have a sense
of “safety and protection” as they are more optimistic and less negative which leads
them to have more control of themselves and find it easier to deal and cope with
challenging situations.
According to a journal from Lyubomirsky, Sonja “the ability to be happy and
contented with life is central criterion of adaptation and positive mental health”, so
would that make happiness self- indulgent,
https://journals-sagepub-com.uow.idm.oclc.org/doi/full/10.1037/1089-
2680.9.2.111
2. Give an example of how psychological knowledge has created change
in wider society.
What is meant by psychological knowledge?
Psychological knowledge is the understanding and recognition of the human
behaviour and its minds and the way it functions. Examples are how each individual
react to trauma, Neuroscience; the way they have evolved from generation to
generation, which is known as evolutionary psychology; different individual’s interest
and personality, or behavioural psychology; how memory is retained and processed
by the brain, cognitive psychology, and the way behaviour and disorders are
effectively treated and assessed.
Each type of those examples makes up for what is known as the psychological
knowledge and they all aid to make positive changes in individuals life and in the
society by helping assessing people’s relationships and interactions and how it
impacts today’s society; as well as by considering societal challenges such as
inequalities, mental illnesses and violence which aids against biases and ethnic
conflicts.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2515245919838781
, 3. How useful is the Rorschach test to psychologists?
The Rorschach test or also known as the Rorschach Inkblot test was first invented
by Herman Rorschach in 1921 and was designed with the purpose of analysing a
patient mental illness and psychological disorder such schizophrenia, anxiety as well
as depression; with the help of the interpretation of ten cards. Rorschach used to
examine patients using those cards and measure the patient’s interpretation by
reflecting the individual personality from the unconscious parts that were induced by
the visual stimuli from Inkblot test, therefore establishing a diagnosis.
Initially the Rorschach test was not taken very well by psychologist and scientists,
and it did stir many “controversies” due to the lack of reliability withing the test and
scientific evidence. However, it did become recognised and more used by
psychologist after Rorschach death, yet many studies were still taken in order to
evaluate the effectiveness of the test. An example was a study inducted by Anwesha
Mondal and Manish Kuma with the aim of finding a correlation between the negative
and positive symptoms of schizophrenia and “personality variables”. The study gave
results that the Rorschach test indicated various “moderate levels of cognitive
distortions, poor perceptions and loss with reality, presence of anxiety, and
aggression, less conventional forms of responses.” In Schizophrenia patients with
positive and negative symptoms.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8395539/
4. Explain the link between the observed increase in crime/violence and
high temperatures
Throughout the years sciences have tried to figure out the connection between
violence and high temperatures. In fact, Montesquieu (1748-1989), pointed out that
individuals living in “northern climates” tend to be more sincere and honest, however
the more you travel south it starts to change and individuals are less honest, and
crimes are higher. An example could be Italy, where mafias used to be very
prevalent in the South of Italy, (Sicily) rather than in the north of which made the
country known for its mafia related crimes.
The various reasons why individuals react more aggressively during hotter periods
are related to many environmental factors as well as such as natural response to
stress, provocation and increase of discomfort caused by heat causing an increase
of aggressive reaction leading then to commit crimes and offences. In a study by
Anderson (2001) quoted “In affectively neutral and positive circumstances, hot
temperatures cause increases in aggression. Recent lab studies show that even in
affectively negative circumstances, heat causes increases in initial retaliatory
aggression.”
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