Summary
Summary Revision cards- Attachment, AQA psychology A level
- Module
- Attachment
- Institution
- AQA
AQA, Psychology reformed A level, Attachment unit revision cards, authored by an A* student
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Content preview
CAREGIVER-INFANT INTERACTION• RECIPROCITY AND INTERACTIONAL SYNCHRONY:
• ‘alert phases’- babies and carers spend a lot of time in intense and pleasurable interaction- alert phases are perio
when the baby signals that they are ready for interaction- mothers respond around 1/3 of the time
• Interactional synchrony= mirroring- same action simultaneously- ‘the coordination of micro-level behavior- when
child act in a way where their behavior and emotions mirror each other
• MELTZOFF AND MOORE- observed IS in infants as young as 2 weeks- an adult displayed one of three facial exp
gestures and the child’s response was filmed and an association was found between the action/expression and the
response
• Important for development of attachment- high synchrony= higher quality attachment- provides a foundation for
that can built upon- ISABELLA- observed 20 mothers and infants together and assessed the degree of IS and atta
quality- found high attachment had high synchrony
• Reciprocity- one person responds to the other- from around 3 months this is frequent- responding to each othe
a response- involves close attention
• BRAZLETON- described this interaction as a ‘dance’ because it is like a couple’s dance where each responds to t
moves
• The baby takes on an active role too- both can initiate interactions and appear to take turns doing so
, CAREGIVER-INFANT INTERACTION-
EVALUATION
• Hard to know what is happening when observing infants- it shows patterns but they are only hand movements o
hard to know what is taking place from the child’s perspective- conscious and deliberate?- don’t know if behaviou
special meaning
• Uses well controlled procedures- often filmed from multiple angles, fine details can be recorded and looked over
people- inter-rater reliability- babies don’t know they are being observed, no demand characteristics from them-
• Observations don’t tell us the purpose of synchrony and reciprocity- synchrony and reciprocity simply describe b
happen at the same time- robust phenomena but this isn’t useful in determining their purpose, but there is eviden
helpful in attachment, stress responses, empathy, language and morality
• Social sensitivity- suggests children will be disadvantaged with particular rearing strategies- for example if the mo
to work quickly after birth- not as much time to do this
• Potential value to society- identification of IS as an important foundation in the formation of high-quality attachm
have practical applications that benefit society- a 10 min parent-child interaction therapy- improved IS in 20 low inc
with pre-school infants compared to a control- could help create methods for improving and developing attachm
, ROLE OF THE FATHER
• Primary attachment usually with the mother- SCHAFFER AND EMERSON- majority of babies became attached t
(in first 7 months)- father only 3% first and only- 27% father and mother- only took a couple weeks or months fo
attachments to be formed
• 75% eventually formed a secondary attachment to father by 18 months- protested when father walked away
• Attachment with mother most related to teen attachments- GROSSMAN- longitudinal study on parents and chil
quality of attachment to father was less important in the attachment of the teenagers than that of the mother- so
be less important in long-term emotional development
• Father’s play is more important- the quality of play related to the children’s attachment- suggests fathers have a d
attachment- more to do with play and stimulation over nurturing
• Fathers can be primary care-givers – when this happen they adopt behaviours more typical of the mother- FIELD
month old babies and found primary care-giving fathers spent more time smiling, imitating and holding infants tha
caregiver fathers
• Level of response is important- above behaviours are most important in building attachments- key thing is the lev
responsiveness, not gender
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller zoealderson. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £7.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75759 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 14 years now