* The term “stuttering” as used in this examination, refers to developmental stuttering unless
otherwise specified.
* For multiple choice questions mark only one answer on the answer form.
* For True-False questions, indicate T for true and F for false.
Chapter 1. What Is Stuttering?
Multiple Choice Questions
1. A clear, workable definition of stuttering is important for:
a. determining treatment outcome
b. differential diagnosis of stuttering
c. measuring the effect of experimental conditions
d. all of the above
2. In addition to theoretical, research and clinical purposes, a clear, acceptable definition of
stuttering is important for:
a. economic reasons
b. syntactic reasons
c. anatomical reasons
d. subjective reasons
3. The term stuttering may refer to certain speech events or to the:
a. linguistic parameters
b. fluent parameters
c. complex disorder
d. normal disfluencies
4. Definitions of stuttering can be based on the following orientation:
a. listener-based perspectives
b. psychopathogenic-based perspectives
c. organic-based perspectives
d. all of the above
5. A definition of stuttering is not important in:
a. selecting measures for what is quantified about stuttering
b. estimating levels of alcohol consumption
c. identifying research subjects who stutter
d. deciding who receives treatment
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, 6. Stuttering-like-disfluencies (Yairi & Ambrose, 1999) do not include:
a. repetitions of single syllable words
b. repetitions of parts of words
c. repetitions of phrases
d. dysrhythmic phonations
7. The “tip of the iceberg”(Sheehan, 1958) refers to the:
a. overt (surface) features of stuttering
b. covert (hidden) features of stuttering
c. fluent segments of speech
d. overt emotional reactions
8. The term "disfluency" refers to:
a. normal interruptions in speech
b. abnormal interruptions in speech
c. associated non-speech behaviors
d. both a and b above
9. Disfluency types most typical of stuttering:
a. interjections, revisions, pauses
b. whole word, phrase and multisyllable repetitions
c. sound prolongations, sound and syllable repetitions
d. both b and c above
10. Van Riper suggested that stuttering is best defined as:
a. a defect in the structure and function of the speech mechanism
b. a forward flow of speech is interrupted and the speaker's reaction to it
c. a difficulty changing position of the tongue when moving from one sound to the next
d. a momentary disruption of ongoing speech
11. Stuttering has occurred when the speaker:
a. holds out a speech sound while falling off a chair
b. repeats a phrase again because the listener failed to understand
c. repeats a word because a siren blared when it was said the first time
d. none of the above
12. An example of a covert aspect of stuttering:
a. sound repetitions
b. sense of a loss of control over speech
c. disrhythmic phonations
d. eye blinks
13. Yaruss and & Quesal’s (2006) model of stuttering:
a. defines stuttering as primarily an organic speech impairment
b. defines stuttering as a psychologically- and environmentally-based disorder
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