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Summary Country to blame for ww1
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- AQA
Detail notes on who was to blame for the outbreak of ww1. Great for revision. I obtained an A* overall.
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GermanyAustria-Hungary - Feared the success of socialism and
traditionalist wanted to have a world war in order
- Habsburg government over exaggerated the Serbian threat- although they to distract from domestic tensions.
were determined to have a pan-slavic state and had the backing of Russia. - pre-1914 Germany had expansionist aims- the
- Austrian chief of staff Hotzendorf urged war against Serbia. After the Moroccan Crisis and wanting territory in Africa.
assassination of Franz Ferdinand, Hotzendorf advocated an invasion of - A War Council in Germany (1912) decided that
Serbia and promoted anti-Serbia propaganda. they had to launch war at the best opportunity-
- The delay between the assassination and the ultimatum added to the crisis. 1914 military initiative and the bill passing the
Most of Europe were surprised by the ultimatum and assumed that it could expansion of the army and dreadnoughts.
be solved diplomatically. - Hoped that war would result from backing
- They were the first to resort to force having partially mobilised after the Austria-Hungary- Triple Alliance and the Blank
ultimatum. They also demanded that Austrian officials be sent to overlook the Cheque.
judicial proceedings. - Bülow and Hollweg dismissed was as a solution
to the internal socialist problem.
Russia - Germany’s aggressive policies, e.g. the Anglo-
German Naval race 1890-1900.
- Russia was unable to restrain/control pan - Germany put pressure on Austria-Hungary to be
slavism- majority of the government advocated decisive in their decision making hence the
it and Russia after the Berlin Conference Which country was most to harsh terms in the ultimatum. Also AH had the
became the protectorate of the Slavs. blame for the First World Blank Cheque looming over them.
- Russia’s decision to mobilise had terrible War? - Germany had the Schlieffen plan which meant
consequences- led to AH and Germany’s that they were prepared for war. They shared the
mobilisation. Consequently, sending an details of the plan with AH.
ultimatum to France and Belgium, which in turn - By invading Belgium, Britain entered the war.
involved Britain. Britain felt obliged to protect Belgium as it was
French part of the Treaty of London (1839)
Britain
- By 1890 France’s agitation to win back Alsace Lorraine
after the war with Germany had subsided. - Grey had been criticised for not doing more for Serbia
- They did have an alliance with Russia which was peace however after the assassination he met with
created in 1894 (Duel Entente against Germany and the foreign ministers from Russia, Germany and AH - Serbia’s aggressive expansionism disrupted
AH) and that remained in 1914. They encouraged to placate the issue. He tried to organise a the Balkans- however it was also Bulgaria,
Russia to fight. conference but Germany refused to go. Greece and Macedonia.
- Britain should have been more clear about support - The Serbian government could have accepted
France so it acted as a deterrent to Germany. the ultimatum but this would have diminished
However, France and Britain didn't have a military Serbia’s independence and sovereignty.
alliance.
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