2b.1 Timeline:
1899-1902 – Anglo-Boer War
1910 – Creation of the Union of South Africa
1912 – ANC established
1913 – Afrikaner National Party Founded (by J.B.M Hertzog), Natives Land Act
1934 – Formation of the United Party (by Hertzog and Jan Smuts)
1938 – Centenary of The Great Trek
1939 – Parliament vote to support British War effort, Hertzog resigns from UP
1944 – ANC Youth League Founded
1948 – Election: Malan wins 38% + Smuts wins 49% (Malan becomes pm), ANC Women’s League founded
1949 – 6 members of parliament added for whites in Namibia, Mixed Marriage Act, ANC Youth League launch
Programme of Action
1950 – Immortality Act, Planning for Sophiatown removal (bulldozed in 6 years), Group Areas Acts begin, NP
ban the Communist Party
1951 – Separate Representation of Voters Act (removed coloured vote, simple majority), Bantu Authorities Act
1952 – Natives Abolition of Passes Act (reference books), Urban Areas Act, Albert Luthuli becomes ANC
president, Defiance Campaign
1953 – The Reservation of Separate Amenities Act, Bantu Education Act, Liberal Party formed
1955 – Tomlinson Report
1955, June – Freedom Charter revealed
1956 – reference books extended to women, 156 Congress Alliance members arrested
1958 – Sekhukhuneland revolt, Verwoerd becomes prime minister
1959 – Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act, Extension of University Education Act, Cato Manor riots
1959, April – Founding convention for the PAC
1961 – those accused at Treason Trial acquitted
1966 – Group Areas enforced in District Six
, 2b.2 Timeline:
1951 – The Natives Building Workers Act (African workers on African houses), Drum magazine launched
1953 – Public Safety Act (required no warrants for arrests)
1958 – nationalists won 66% seats + 55% white votes
1959 – ANC first call for sanctions vs SA, PAC branch founded in Sharpeville
1960 – British Anti-apartheid Movement founded, Oliver Tambo in exile established ‘external mission’
1960, 3rd February – Harold Macmillan ‘Wind of Change’ speech
1960, March-November – Mpondoland rebellion
1960, 21st March – Sharpeville Massacre
1960, 28th March – ANC pass-burning (Albert Luthuli burnt his in front of media)
1960, 30th March – 30,000 march from Langa to edge of central Cape Town, gov declare State of Emergency
1960, 1st April – UNSC resolution condemning Sharpeville
1960, 8th April – Unlawful Organisations Act
1960, 9th April – Verwoerd shot
1960, August – State of Emergency lifted
1960, October – Whites vote for a republic (narrow majority, 52%)
1961 – Poqo formed, SA stopped sending teams to Commonwealth Games
1961, March – Commonwealth Conference
1961, 31st May – SA becomes a republic, ANC 3-day stayway
1961, June – ANC explicitly decide on armed struggle
1961, 16th December – Dingaan’s Day (1st major sabotage by MK)
1962 – Mandela arrested, UN voluntary resolution to ban SA imports/exports, the Paarl march (2 whites + 5
protestors killed), SA non-racial Olympic Committee formed (by Dennis Brutus)
1963 – Organisation of African Unity formed, Mbashe Bridge killings, UN resolution advocating arms embargo,
UN Special Committee Against Apartheid founded, MK headquarters in Rivonia raided, SA excluded from
international football by FIFA
1963, December – first self-governing homeland established (Transkei)
1963-64 – The Rivonia Trial
1964 – British Labour gov impose voluntary 1963 UN resolution, Afrikaner Verligte movt starts (vs Verkrampte)
1966 – Verwoerd murdered, Vorster becomes prime minister
1967 – The Terrorism Act
1968 – D’Oliveira Crisis, Black Consciousness movement starts
1973 – global oil crisis
1980s – ‘Free Nelson Mandela’ movement
