My friends and I did it together, we also looked over it with a science teacher with a degree in chemistry and she said it was worthy of a distinction. PS: Don't copy word for word ;)
MAKING COPPER SULPHATE
Method
To be able to make copper sulphate, we mixed 3.0 g of copper oxide with 25
cm3 of 1.00 moldm-3 sulphuric acid provided and filtered the mixture to remove
unreacted copper oxide. After, we heated the filtrate in a basin and let it cool to
form blue crystals which we weighed. We recrystallized the product and allowed
it to cool and dried it, then we recorded the weight of the crystal (as shown in
Table 1). We recorded the mass of both crystals after crystallization to observe
the change in mass.
Observation
When we mixed copper oxide which was black, with the colourless sulfuric acid
we observed a colour change from colourless to blue, and the black copper oxide
almost disappeared completely. This because, when an insoluble metal oxide is
mixed with a dilute acid, the metal oxide disappears and a soluble product is
formed. As more copper oxide was added, the blue colour became stronger
which means in this case, the limiting reagent was sulfuric acid. After the
recrystallization process we got blue crystals.
On the sheet provided, we calculated out the moles of the reactant and
determined the limiting reagent. With the records of calculation from our sheet
we were also able to calculate out the % yield and % purity and determine the
atom economy (as shown in Table 1). The % purity
we calculated was 65% which shows that the copper sulphate we made was not
pure as it may have contained impurities that entered while drying the crystals,
unreacted copper oxide from the start of the procedure and the limiting reagent
(sulphuric acid).
TABLE OF RESULTS
Mass of copper sulphate 3.0 g Table 1: Table of results
Crystallized copper sulphate 4.84 g
Recrystallized copper 3.15 g
sulphate
% yield 78.90%
% purity 65.08%
Atom economy 89%
SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLE
At first, we neutralized the copper oxide with sulfuric acid to make sure there
were no unreacted substances and no further reactions. Another important key
method was when we filtered the product to remove any unreacted copper oxide
and undissolved substances. The next process was evaporation, this was where
we heated the filtrate so that water and impurities can be removed. Then the last
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