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Exchange of Substance summary pages

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Unit 3: Exchange of substances summary pages for AQA A level biology

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  • December 19, 2023
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  • 2023/2024
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Exchange of
Substances
Introduction
● Importance: Living organisms require the exchange of substances with their
environment for various physiological processes.
● Surface Area to Volume Ratio:
● Cells and organisms need to maintain an adequate surface area to
volume ratio for efficient exchange.


Surface Area and Volume
● Surface Area:
● Determines the rate of exchange.
● Larger organisms have adaptations to increase surface area.
● Volume:
● Determines the metabolic rate.
● Smaller organisms have a higher surface area to volume ratio.


Gas Exchange in Single-Celled Organisms
● Simple Diffusion:
● Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange directly through the cell
membrane.
● Limited by the surface area of the cell.


Gas Exchange in Insects
● Tracheal System:
● Network of tubes (tracheae) for direct air exchange.
● Spiracles control the entry of air.
● Adaptations:
● Thin, moist epithelium for efficient gas exchange.

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