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Note on IGCSE biology, past papers questions
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notes based on Cambridge IGCSE biology (0610) syllabus providing details and thorough explanation that cover the whole curriculum in an organized manner
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Dr. Ebrahim Salah+201002149869
, Dr. Ebrahim Salah
+201002149869
No. Topic Page
1 Classification of living organisms 1
2 Organization of the organism 11
3 Movement in and out of cells 19
4 Biological molecules 25
5 Enzymes 32
6 Plant nutrition 37
7 Transport in Plants 44
8 Human nutrition 48
9 Transport in animals 59
10 Diseases and Immunity 70
11 Gas Exchange in humans 76
12 Excretion in humans 80
13 Co-ordination & response 86
14 Drugs 95
15 Reproduction in Plants 100
16 Human Reproduction 105
17 Inheritance 112
18 Biotechnology and genetic engineering 120
19 Variation & Selection 125
20 Organisms and their environment 130
21 Human influences on ecosystems 137
, Dr. Ebrahim Salah
+201002149869
Topic 1. Classification of living organisms
Movement: an action by an organism causing a change of position or of the
organismor part of it.
Plants move some of their parts during growth:
• Roots move downwards
• Shoots move upwards
Respiration: the chemical reactions that break down nutrient molecules in
living cells to release energy.
• Aerobic respiration: requires oxygen. (high energy production)
• Anaerobic respiration (fermentation): doesn’t require oxygen. (low
energy production)
Sensitivity: the ability to detect and respond to changes or stimuli in the
environment.
• Stimulus: Change in the environment
• Response: reaction of organism to stimulus
Tropism: directional movement where plants move in a particular direction in
response to a stimulus.
• Phototropism = tropism in response to light
• Gravitropism = tropism in response to gravity
• Hydrotropism = tropism in response to water
Positive tropism means that growth is toward the stimulus
• Roots grow positive gravitropism & hydrotropism
• Shoots grow positive phototropism
Negative tropism means that growth is away from the stimulus
• Roots grow negative phototropism
• Shoots grow negative gravitropism
1
, Part 1 Dr. Ebrahim Salah
+201002149869
Growth: a permanent increase in size and dry mass by increase in cell
number or size or both.
Growth depends on protein to produce new cells by cell division (mitosis)
Reproduction: the processes that make more of the same kind of organism
or increase in number to maintain the species
There are 2 types of reproduction
Sexual reproduction Asexual reproduction
Requires male and female (2 parents) Requires one parent
Gametes (sex cells) produced by
Somatic (body cells) divide by mitosis
meiosis
Time & energy consuming Rapid & energy saving
High genetic variety Offspring is identical to parent
Low number of offspring High number of offspring
Excretion: the removal from organisms of toxic materials and substances in
excess of requirements.
Toxic/waste materials:
• Urea, excess minerals and water are excreted through Kidneys as urine
• Carbon dioxide is excreted through lungs as exhalation
• excess minerals and water are excreted through skin as sweet
• Cell gets rid of waste through Exocytosis (active transport)
✓ Faecal wastes elimination isn’t a type of excretion
✓ Urea is produced by liver
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