Interview
lower secondary science checkpoint
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- Institution
Lower secondary science checkpoint notes based on Cambridge syllabus
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[DOCUMENT TITLE][Document subtitle]
,I. Chemistry
Topic Page
Atomic structure 2
Classification of Matter 4
The Periodic Table 7
Chemical Bonding 12
Displacement reactions 15
II. Physics
Topic Page
Temperature and Heat 21
Waves 25
Sound 27
Electricity 30
III. Biology
Topic Page
Plants 35
Excretion 42
Fetal formation 46
Fetal development 47
Evolution by natural selection 49
IV. Earth & space
Topic Page
Earth science 53
Formation of the Moon 57
Stars 59
Working scientifically 60
Page | 1
, Topic 1: Atomic structure
Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass.
• All matter is made of atoms
• Atoms are the building blocks of matter, sort of how bricks are the
building blocks of houses
Atomic structure
An atom has three parts:
1. Proton = positive
2. Neutron = no charge
3. Electron = negative
• The proton & neutron are found in the center of the atom, a place called
the nucleus.
• The electrons orbit the nucleus.
• Electrons live in something called shells or energy levels.
Only so many can be in any certain shell.
The electrons in the outer most shell of any element are called valance
electrons
Page | 2
, The periodic table is a list of all of the elements that can build matter. It’s a
little like the alphabet of chemistry.
The periodic table tells us several things…
Number of neutrons (Atomic mass – atomic number)
Page | 3
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