includes: terminology, important renal facts, structure of the kidney, drug absorption and elimination, effect of urine pH on clearance, renal failure and excretion of aminoglycosides, clearance and drug dosing, proximal tubule, resorption of HCO3
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Week 6, Lecture
The Kidney and Drugs
Very important roles in excretion of natural compounds and rugs
Terminology
Pharmacokinetics
o Movement of drugs around the body
ADME
o Absortion, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Steady state
o State of equilibrium obtained at the end of certain number of administrations
Half-life
o Half-life of a drug – time necessary to halve plasma concentration
Clearance
o Rate a substance is removed from the blood
Diuretic
o Anything which increases the flow of urine
Xenobiotics
o Chemical compound foreign to a given biological system
Important renal facts
Removes waste products from the body
Removes drugs
Balances fluids
Releases hormones that regulate blood pressure
Produces active form of Vitamin D
o Promotes strong healthy bones
Controls production of red blood cells
Structure of the kidney
1-1.5 million nephrons
Identifying the rate of urine production
Polyuria
Auria
The glomerulus
Passage to the filtrate
Pressure in arteries allows filtrate to collect in Bowman’s capsule
Tubular concentrations
Has barrier for compounds of a certain size but nothing larger
If issue with this blood may be present in urine
When considering drugs important to know what they bind to in the blood
o If drug is bound by plasma proteins, they will most likely be retained
o Important in excretion of some compounds
Proximal tubule
Absorption
o water
o sodium
Secretes
o Organic anions
Certain drugs
o Organic cations
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