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Lecture notes

the kidney and drugs

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includes: terminology, important renal facts, structure of the kidney, drug absorption and elimination, effect of urine pH on clearance, renal failure and excretion of aminoglycosides, clearance and drug dosing, proximal tubule, resorption of HCO3

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  • December 21, 2023
  • 4
  • 2021/2022
  • Lecture notes
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Week 6, Lecture
The Kidney and Drugs
 Very important roles in excretion of natural compounds and rugs
Terminology
 Pharmacokinetics
o Movement of drugs around the body
 ADME
o Absortion, distribution, metabolism, excretion
 Steady state
o State of equilibrium obtained at the end of certain number of administrations
 Half-life
o Half-life of a drug – time necessary to halve plasma concentration
 Clearance
o Rate a substance is removed from the blood
 Diuretic
o Anything which increases the flow of urine
 Xenobiotics
o Chemical compound foreign to a given biological system
Important renal facts
 Removes waste products from the body
 Removes drugs
 Balances fluids
 Releases hormones that regulate blood pressure
 Produces active form of Vitamin D
o Promotes strong healthy bones
 Controls production of red blood cells
Structure of the kidney
 1-1.5 million nephrons
 Identifying the rate of urine production
 Polyuria
 Auria
The glomerulus
 Passage to the filtrate
 Pressure in arteries allows filtrate to collect in Bowman’s capsule
Tubular concentrations
 Has barrier for compounds of a certain size but nothing larger
 If issue with this blood may be present in urine
 When considering drugs important to know what they bind to in the blood
o If drug is bound by plasma proteins, they will most likely be retained
o Important in excretion of some compounds
Proximal tubule
 Absorption
o water
o sodium
 Secretes
o Organic anions
 Certain drugs
o Organic cations

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