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NURS 3100 Exam III – Questions And Answers
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NURS 3100 Exam III – Questions And AnswersNutrition and Immunity: Protein and Other Key Nutrients
Protein ✔️Ans --macronutrient
-break down into amino acids
-contains nitrogen
1)this is what makes protein different from carbs/lipids
-4 cal/k
Classification of Proteins ✔️Ans --polypeptides
1)single linear chain of many amino acids, held together by amide bonds. A
protein consists of one or more polypeptides
-tripeptides
1)peptide consisting of three amino acids joined by peptide bonds
-dipeptides
1)molecules contain either two amino acids joined by a single peptide bond or
one amino acid with two peptide bonds
-amino acids
1)organic compounds containing amine and carboxyl functional groups, along
with a side chain specific to each amino acid
Role of Amino Acids in the Body ✔️Ans --to make proteins which
provide...
1)structural support/framework of body
2)energy
3)growth, maintenance, repair of tissue
4)enzymes
5)transport substances
6)antibodies (immune system)
7)muscle contraction
8)protein hormones (insulin and glucagon(
9)fluid balance (protein pumps)
10)acid balance
,How Much Protein Do We Need? ✔️Ans --.8g/kg body weight for most
adults
150 lbs/ 2.2= 68.2kg
68.2 X .8= 55g of protein per day
-protein need is dependent on many factors such as body composition,
amount of exercise, stages of life, illness and injury, etc.
Protein Needs Related to Exercise ✔️Ans --endurance athletes= 1.2-
1.4g/k/day
-strength athletes= 1.4-1.8g/k/day
Protein Needs for Growth ✔️Ans --infants less than 6 months should be
having 1.52g/kg/day
Protein Needs for PGN and Lactation ✔️Ans --25g/day above adult
requirements
Protein Needs for Illness and Injury ✔️Ans --can include
1)infections
2)fevers
3)burns- have HUGE demand for protein intake so may be given more than
1.5g
4)surgery and wounds
-typically hospitalized 1.1-1.5 g/kg
Animal Sources of Protein ✔️Ans --beef, poultry, fish
-eggs, milk, cheese
Plant Sources of Protein ✔️Ans --nuts, seeds
-beans, legumes
Essential Amino Acids ✔️Ans --cannot be synthesized by the body
-need to acquire in food sources
Nonessential Amino Acids ✔️Ans --still very important for function
, -our body can take essential AA and convert them to make nonessential
-if pt is under high levels of stress, provide them with nonessential AA bc their
body won't be able to convert the essential
Conditional Amino Acids ✔️Ans --are usually not essential, except in
times of illness and stress.
Limiting Amino Acid ✔️Ans --protein production haunted if AA is not
available in the polypeptide chain
Protein Quality: Complete vs. Incomplete ✔️Ans --complete= meat,
poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, soy, (eggs and human milk especially high
quality)
-incomplete protein= plant proteins and limiting amino acids
Protein Complementation ✔️Ans --Grains and Legumes
1)plant proteins are limited in lysine, methionine, and cysteine
2)legumes are low in methionine and cysteine but high in lysine
3)Grains are low in lysine but high in methionine and cysteine
~so can pair rice and beans, rice and tofu, rice and peas, peanut butter and
bread
-Grains/ Legumes and Animal Protein
1)ready to eat cereal and milk
2)cheese sandwich
3)pasta with cheese
4)rice pudding
5)french toast
6)pancakes with milk or eggs
Types of Vegetarians ✔️Ans --semi vegetarian= eats chicken and or fish
-lacto-ovo-vegetarian= drinks milk, eats eggs
-lacto- vegetarian= drinks milk
-vegan= no animal products
Protein Digestion: Stomach ✔️Ans --HCL denatures protein and activates
the enzyme pepsin
-pepsin then breaks proteins into polypeptides and amino acids
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