A comparative table studying the changes in elementary education, education after the age of 10, universities, teachers, and the curriculum during the Weimar Republic, Nazi Germany, and the FRG.
Educational developments in Germany 1918-89
Weimar 1918-33 Nazi Germany 1933-45 FRG 1949-89
Elementary/compulsory - Compulsory education until 14 - Same as Weimar - Basic Law made the Lander responsible
education - 1920 School Law - created a single - March 1933 - ended confessional for education policy
type of elementary school across each schools and allowed single-sex schools - Lander ran different policies, e.g.
Lander secular schools far more common in the
- Federal school laws failed 1921,25, 27 N than the S
Education after 10 Types of schools: Adolf Hitler Schools 1955 Dusseldorf Agreement:
Gymnasium - Founded by HJ - No. examination subjects
- Most prestigious secondary schools - Enrolled w/class and lower m/class - Length of studies
- Private education requiring fees children - Length of school holidays
- Taught latine, greek and history - Needed to pass physical fitness and - Beginning of the school year
- Unis preferred theses students academic tests and prove that their - Examination standards
Realgymnasium family line was ‘racially pure’ for 130
- Provided curriculum that integrated yrs - No. years that students attended 2ndary
gymnasium w/ modern world aspects - Taught courses in Nazi ideology school depended on the school
- Taught latin, sciences, maths NAPOLAS → high school = 4yrs
Oberrealschule - National Political Institutes of → intermediate school = 6yrs
- Sciences, maths, modern languages Education → Gymnasium = 8yrs
Aufbanschule - Educated future SS l/ship
- Offered gymnasium style education to - Mainly m/class
- Highest school qualification was the
academically gifted poor kids - Similar to trad’tl military training
Abitur that allowed students to get a
academies
higher education
- Inspection system introduced so that all - Needed to be physically and racially fit
- Failed proposals to introduce
schools met state school standards to enter
comprehensive schools across Germany
- Churches could no longer run state
- Brandt attempted to introduce a federal
schools - Most leading Nazis sent their children
systems but was rejected by the
- Never created an integrated education to Gymansiums
Bundesrat
system
Universities - Abitur exam for entry - Corporations became Nazi - 24 new universities opened 1960s and
- 45% were sons of civil servants Comradeship Houses 70s
- 2.3% students were w/class - Students had to join Nazi students’ - 1971 - federal gov’t provided financial
- No reform union aid to students
Student enrolment:
- 1960 = 200,000
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