A summary of the events leading up to Mussolini's establishment of a dictatorship. Also includes a timeline of these events and the impacts on the stakeholders involved, such as the king, the economic elite and the church.
Mussolini’s rise to power
- PNF and PCI encouraged turmoil in hopes of parliament
Taking advantage of political unrest collapsing
- Giolitti’s attempt to absorb and tame the fascists in the 1921
Giolitti election backfired - Mussolini able to appeal to a wider
- Used old tactics of compromise and absorption during Biennio electorate
Rosso
- 1920 strike - refused to use violence and encouraged Establishing a dual policy
businesses to allow workers shares in their companies and
representatives What was the dual policy?
- Giolitti’s approach was successful in the ST - Violence from fascist squads was the basis of support -
- Over time, the m/class were angered by Giolitti ‘giving in’ to overthrowing parliament and shutting down the socialist threat
workers’ demands - Legal approach - enter parliament and become prime minister
- Fascists seemed more decisive in dealing w/ socialist threat through parliamentary deals
than Giolitti - Appealed to both the m/class a parliamentary representative
and those in rural Italy by maintaining squadristi violence
Weakness of political opposition
- 1921 - radical members of PSI split to form PCI Establishment of the PNF
- PCI was more radical in aims for revolution and was closely - Fascism switched from being a movement and into a party Oct
aligned to the Bolsheviks 1921
- L-wing movement weakened by the split - Created complications during the hierarchical nature of the
- Socialist threat created social and economic instability movement
- Fascists seemed to ‘save’ Italy during Biennio Rosso → ras would be more powerful than Mussolini in some areas
- Socialist threat wasn’t actually a threat to gov’t but many were - Ras’ power decreased once the PNF formed as Mussolini was
feared its implications the overarching leader
- Mussolini’s Pact of Pacification and end of violence marked
Ideological split the beginning of the legal path to power
- Giolitti’s old tactics of compromise and trasformismo no → opposed Ras’ violent nature and methods for gaining power
longer worked in the divided post-war society
- Strong ideologies made it more unlikely for parties to be Dealing with the Ras
‘bought off’ - Mussolini wanted to tame the Ras and prevent and violent
- Difficult to create a working coalition, thus the short-lived outbreaks
gov’ts - Grandi offered a prominent role on a new fascist journal
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