Matching Questions
Use the following to answer questions 1–10:
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) uracil
b) cytoplasm
c) protein
d) thymine
e) carbohydrate
f) sugar–phosphate units
g) cell wall
h) transcription
i) glycogen
j) lipid
k) central dogma
l) phagocytosis
m) endoplasmic reticulum
n) translation
o) prokaryotes
p) eukaryotes
q) lysosome
1. DNA is made from the building blocks adenine, guanine, cytosine, and
____________.
Ans: d
Section: 1.2
2. ____________: Unbranched polymer that, when folded into its three-
dimensional shape, performs much of the work of the cell.
Ans: c
Section: 1.2
3. ____________: Scheme that describes the flow of information from
one strand of DNA to a new strand of DNA.
Ans: k
Section: 1.3
,Chapter 1 Biochemistry and the Unity of Life 2
4. ____________: Process where large amounts of material are taken into
the cell.
Ans: l
Section: 1.3
5. The transfer of information from DNA to RNA is called
____________.
Ans: h
Section: 1.3
6. ____________ are cells that are composed of multiple specialized
compartments.
Ans: p
Section: 1.4
7. ____________: Class of biological macromolecules with many
functions, such as forming barriers between cell organelles, serving as a
metabolic fuel, and cell-to-cell signaling.
Ans: j
Section: 1.2
8. ____________: Highly organized region of the cell where glycolytic
metabolism occurs.
Ans: b
Section: 1.4
9. ____________: Responsible for protein processing and xenobiotic
metabolism.
Ans: m
Section: 1.4
10.. ____________: Filled with proteases and other digestive enzymes.
Ans: q
Section: 1.4
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
11. Organisms are known to be highly uniform at the level.
Ans: molecular Section: Introduction
, Chapter 1 Biochemistry and the Unity of Life 3
12. After hydrogen and oxygen, the next most common element in living
systems is .
Ans: carbon Section: 1.1
13. A chemical that can dissolve in water is said to be .
Ans: hydrophilic Section: 1.2
14. A nucleotide consists of one or more groups, a 5-carbon ribose
sugar, and a nitrogen-containing aromatic ring group.
Ans: phosphoryl Section: 1.2
15. The most common carbohydrate fuel is .
Ans: glucose Section: 1.2
16. Heritable information is packaged into discrete units called .
Ans: genes Section: 1.3
17. A group of enzymes called catalyze replication.
Ans: DNA polymerase Section: 1.3
18. Although all cells in an organism have the same DNA, tissues differ
due to selective .
Ans: expression Section: 1.3
19. The basic unit of life is considered the .
Ans: cell Section: 1.4
20. Secretory vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane to release material
outside of the cell via .
Ans: exocytosis Section: 1.4
Multiple-Choice Questions
21. The structure of DNA described by Watson and Crick
included:
A) a double helix.
B) the sugar–phosphate backbone aligned in the
center of the helix.
C) the base pairs that are stacked on the inside of the
double helix.
D) A and B.
E) A and C.
Ans: E Section: 1.2
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