1. Which of the following would be the most accurate response to a comment that crime is a
contemporary problem?
a. Crime is not a contemporary problem; it has been evolving as the nation has evolved.
b. Crime rates today are higher than they were when this country was emerging as a nation.
c. In a historical sense, crime peaked during Civil War times and has been diminishing since
that era.
d. Crime today is comparable to the lawlessness of the Old West.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: p. 4
OBJ: 2 TOP: is crime a recent development?
2. Who was the 18th-century social philosopher who argued against the use of torture and
capital punishment?
a. James Q. Wilson
b. Sir Robert Peel
c. Cesare Beccaria
d. Ulysses S. Grant
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: p. 6
OBJ: 2 TOP: creating criminal justice
3. What commission, appointed by President Herbert Hoover, made a detailed analysis of
the U.S. justice system and helped usher in the era of treatment and rehabilitation?
a. Chicago Crime Commission
b. American Bar Foundation Commission
c. Wickersham Commission
d. President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: p. 6
OBJ: 2 TOP: creating criminal justice
4. The use of the term criminal justice system reflected a view that justice agencies could be
connected in an intricate yet often unobserved network of decision-making processes. When was the term
criminal justice system first used?
a. After the findings of the Chicago Crime Commission
b. After the findings of the American Bar Foundation project
c. After the findings of the Wickersham Commission
d. After the findings of the President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration
of Justice
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: p. 6
OBJ: 1 TOP: modern era of justice
5. What are the three main components into which the contemporary criminal justice system
is generally divided?
a. Law enforcement, the courts, and the legislature
b. The courts, the correctional system, and the legislature
,c. Law enforcement, the courts, and the correctional system
d. Law enforcement, the correctional system, and the legislature
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: p. 8
OBJ: 4 TOP: criminal justice system today
6. This branch of government is responsible for the day-to-day operation of justice agencies.
a. Legislative
b. Judicial
c. Executive
d. Congress
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: p. 8
OBJ: 4 TOP: criminal justice system today
7. The criminal justice system is vast, employing more than 2.4 million people and costing
federal, state and local governments:
a. About $100 million per year
b. About $200 million per year
c. About $100 billion per year
d. About $200 billion per year
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: p. 9
OBJ: 5 TOP: scope of the system
8. Most police officer jobs are found at what level?
a. Local
b. State
c. Federal
d. An equal number of jobs are found at the local, state, and federal levels
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: p. 10
OBJ: 5 TOP: careers in criminal justice
9. Which of the following is false about corrections in the United States?
a. Though crime has declined for most of the past decade, the correctional population
continues to grow.
b. Approximately 1.5 million juveniles are handled in juvenile courts each year.
c. More than 7 million people are under some form of correctional supervision.
d. Individuals are less likely to be convicted than in the past and if sent to prison or jail, are
likely to serve less of their sentence.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: p. 10
OBJ: 5 TOP: scope of the system
10. Which of the following is not an element of the correctional system?
a. Probation
b. Parole
c. Courts
d. Jail
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: p. 11
OBJ: 5 TOP: criminal justice system today
, 11. Criminal justice can be viewed as a process that takes an offender through a series of
decision points, beginning with arrest and concluding with reentry. Which of the following is an
extralegal factor that critics argue may affect this process?
a. Offender's race
b. Offender's prior record
c. Seriousness of offense
d. Available evidence
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: p. 12-17
OBJ: 6 TOP: formal criminal justice process
12. Which of the following comes first in order in the formal criminal justice process?
a. Bail
b. Preliminary hearing
c. Plea bargain
d. Arraignment
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: p. 12-17
OBJ: 6 TOP: formal criminal justice process
13. The gatekeeper role of police involves officers in the first four stages of decision making.
In order, what are those stages?
a. Initial contact, arrest, charging, custody
b. Initial contact, investigation, arrest, charging
c. Initial contact, investigation, arrest, custody
d. Initial contact, arrest, investigation, charging
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: p. 12-17
OBJ: 6 TOP: formal criminal justice process
14. An arrest warrant is a court order empowering police to arrest and bring the named
person before the court. An arrest warrant must be based on:
a. Eye-witness evidence
b. Police observation of the crime
c. Probable cause
d. The wishes of the victim
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: p. 14
OBJ: 6 TOP: arrest
15. When a prosecutor drops a case after a complaint has been formally made, it is called
a(n):
a. Bill of indictment
b. Information
c. Charging bill
d. Nolle prosequi
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: p. 14
OBJ: 6 TOP: charging
16. Which of the following is false about the grand jury?
a. It can protect citizens from false prosecution.
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