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cell membranes summary

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a coincise summary of cell membranes: their roles and structure, different types of transport, effect of temperature and solvents on cell membranes, diagram of the phospholipid bilayer, effect of pure water and concentrated solution on animal and plant cells. bullet points to summarise sequence o...

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  • January 4, 2024
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  • 2023/2024
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erikakumar
BIOLOGY
CELL MEMBRANES

ROLES

○ Boundary barrier separates aqueous mediums with different chemicals

○ Control passage of molecules in and out of the cell

○ Compartmentalisation: formation of separate membrane-bound areas in a

cell

○ Site for chemical reactions where enzymes attach to membranes

○ Site of generation of ATP in inner membrane of mitochondria and

chloroplasts

○ Cell signalling: has chemical receptors

○ Cell recognition: of self and non-self cells

○ Cell adhesion: cells stick together to form tissues


FLUID MOSAIC MODEL

Fabric of membrane : phospholipid bilayer with proteins floating randomly in it, forming a

mosaic pattern.

Phospholipids are free to move around, giving membrane its flexibility

Proteins are embedded in the membrane that are free to move around, vary in shape, size

and position (in the same way the tiles of a mosaic), so are randomly scattered or

distributed throughout the membrane.




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, Model: agreed structure based upon experimental evidence that supports this idea.




COMPONENTS

Phospholipids: bilayer separates aqueous environments where cells normally exist

- Hydrophilic heads (phosphate groups) interact with water

- Hydrophobic tails repel water, so point inwards, away from water

Cholesterol: hydrophilic head and hydrophobic end

-positioned between phospholipids in a bilayer: hydrophilic end interacts with heads;

hydrophobic end interacts with tails, pulling them together - adding stability to membrane

without making them too rigid, reducing the mobility of phospholipids.

- prevent the membrane becoming too solid by stopping the phospholipid molecules from

grouping too closely and crystallizing.

● Regulates fluidity of membrane

Glycoproteins: have attached carbohydrate chains

● Cell adhesion

● Cell signalling : act as receptors for hormones and neurotransmitters, which when

binding to receptor, elicits direct response from cell or cascade of events.


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