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Summary

Summary Operant conditioning theory, research & evaluation

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a diagram of different components of operant conditioning, summary of research support in bullet points (Skinner's box), evaluation (SCOUT) key terminology highlighted

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  • January 4, 2024
  • 8
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary
All documents for this subject (55)
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erikakumar
Objective + scientifically credible findings: carefully controlled setting

Low ecological: dog in unusual conditions (tied up in a harness in a box, cut off

from other dogs+humans, with a drip feed attached to their mouths), odd stimuli.

=nothing normal about their reactions.

cannot expect such unrealistic tests to explain or predict behaviour in the
real world.

Ethics

Unethical: research animals treated humanely, not sealed up in small rooms, tied

in harness (no ethical guidelines in early 20th century)


OPERANT CONDITIONING (Skinner,1955)

LEARNING BY CONSEQUENCES

To change behavior: change antecedents (already happened) / consequences (easier)

Antecedent: stimulus triggering bhv

Behaviour: response observed/measured as outcome of A

Consequence: rewards/punishment motivating bhv repetition /inhibition

Stimulus-response association learned/repeated: consequence of pairing is +ve

-ve consequence weakens this link


SKINNER BOX

-ve reinforcement

Rat subjected to unpleasant electric current




6

, Accidental lever pressing : switched off electric current

Consequence of escaping it ensured rat repeat action of lever pressing

Light switched on prior to electric current

Lever pressing after light was negatively reinforced

+ve reinforcement

Initial bhv random but tripping lever = reward of food pellet

Rat learned lever =means of obtaining reinforcer

Consequence of receiving food (desirable stimulus) for lever pressing ensured that rat

repeated action


Reinforcement: desired behaviour is rewarded, increasing in frequency

+ve: add pleasant

-ve: remove unpleasant

Primary: reward wanted naturally e.g. basic need like food, warmth + affection

Secondary: reward learned to value & can get a basic need e.g. money

Punishment: undesirable behaviour produces unpleasant consequences,

decreasing its frequency

+ve: add unpleasant

-ve: remove pleasant




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