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module 5 rates of reaction and equilibria summary

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detailed notes on rates of reaction in module 5 including: orders of reaction, initial rate, clock reaction of iodine, half life of a reaction, gas equilibria, arrhenius equation example calculation equations for rate, half life and effect of temperature on the rate constant, free energy and Kp ...

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  • January 7, 2024
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Available practice questions

Flashcards 10 Flashcards
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Some examples from this set of practice questions

1.

what is a zero order reaction ?

Answer: the concentration does not influence the rate

2.

what is a first order reaction ?

Answer: the initial rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant when the concentration doubles, the rate also doubles

3.

what is a second order reaction ?

Answer: the initial rate is directly proportional to the square of the concentration of the reactant. when the concentration doubles, the rate quadruples.

4.

what is the half life of a reaction?

Answer: the time taken for half of the reactant to be used up

5.

where can a cpnstant half life be found?

Answer: in a first order reaction only

RATES OF REACTION
ORDERS of reaction




From study mind

RATE EQUATION




From chemguide

Overall order of reaction (overall effect of concentrations of all reactants) = sum of
orders of reactants




UNITS OF RATE CONSTANT k

, from Unacademy


INITIAL RATE
Gradient of concentration-time graph at time=0
From continuous monitoring of the reactant

CLOCK REACTION
Measures how the time for the net amount of product to form varies as the
concentration of a reactant is changed
Assumptions:
● Concentration of each reactant doesn’t change significantly over the time period
of the reaction
● The reaction has not proceeded too far at endpoint
● Rate stays constant during the time period of the measurement = estimate initial
rate
IODINE CLOCK REACTION
H2O2 + 2I- + 2H+ → 2 H2O + I2
Sodium thiosulfate and starch added as an indicator (turns blue-black in presence of
iodine)
Iodine removed by Na2S2O3 as it forms
All Na2S2O3 used up: iodine forming stays in solution = starch indicator turns blue-
black
Measure time for the blue-black starch-iodine to appear
Initial rate proportional to 1/t
Graph of 1/t against concentration
Vary concentration of reactants to find the order of the reaction & rate equation

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