Summary
Summary Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
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- Kingston University
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) lecture notes
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Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)Monday, 15 October 2018 13:49
Introduction and Summary:
- ASD: neurodevelopmental condition defined by a number of behavioural
features.
- Impairments in two areas: social communication and social interaction.
- Restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests or activities.
- Presents in the early developmental period, but may not be fully manifest until
social demands exceed the child's limited capacities, or may be masked by
learning strategies in later life.
- It can occur at any age but can begin before the age of 3.
- Life expectancy is lower (aged 52) due to suicide.
- There are a whole range of causes for autism.
- It's more prevalent in males and females, evidence suggest that there seems to be
a female protective model. Females have a stronger, genetic protection that they
have to have a lot more genetic mutations to have the disorder.
- Incidence of autism is approximately 1 out of every 100.
- Specifiers: other factors, comorbid factors.
Common characteristics:
- Difficulty relating with other people.
- Laughing for no reason.
- Repetitive behaviour.
- Not very intelligent.
- Selective hearing and may act as deaf.
- Sensitive senses.
- Prefer to keep strict order around themselves, environment is very important and
needs to be predictable.
Other behaviours:
- Short attention span.
- Talks to themselves.
- Limited activities and interests.
How is ASD diagnosed?
- Comprehensive interviews and observations by trained Drs and psychologists.
- Allergy testing
- Brain scans.
History:
- Eugen Bleuler (1857-1939): created both terms schizophrenia and autism.
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, - Comprehensive interviews and observations by trained Drs and psychologists.
- Allergy testing
- Brain scans.
History:
- Eugen Bleuler (1857-1939): created both terms schizophrenia and autism.
- Derived autism from the Greek word autos (meaning 'self').
Hans Asperger (1906-1980):
- Described symptoms of autism in 1938).
- Language delay isn't appeared in Asperger's.
Leo Kanner (1894-1981) described autism in 1943:
- Aloneness.
- No anticipatory posture.
- Delayed to deviant language.
- Pronoun reversal.
Classifications:
- DSM-5.
- ICD-10.
Social (pragmatic) communication disorder:
- For those who don't meet the full criteria on account of no difficulties with
repetitive or restricted behaviours.
- They may show challenging behaviours but don't meet the criteria.
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