Summary
Summary ADHD lecture notes
- Institution
- Kingston University
Summary of 16 pages for the course Psychopathology Across The Life Span at Kingston University (ADHD Lecture Notes)
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Content preview
ADHD:Monday, 12 November 2018 13:54
What is ADHD?
Symptoms:
- Persistent pattern of inattention or hyperactivity/impulsivity.
- There are groups of children who have both of these types.
- Group of kids who only have inattention or impulsivity.
- Key symptoms occur in childhood: up until 6 and 12 is where you can identify
symptoms.
Typical symptoms:
- Short attention span.
- Have high impulsivity. Way of diverting attention elsewhere.
- Young children have intellectual disabilities (comorbid factors) or conduct
disorders.
- First manifestations of symptoms is by the age of 6.
- 5 in 100 kids will have ADHD diagnosis.
Diagnosis:
- Have a predominant inattention type (meet 6 of the symptoms): may have 2 or 3
symptoms of hyperactivity.
- Predominant hyperactive impulsive type (meet 6 of symptoms).
ADHD diagnostic criteria:
- Symptoms are present in two or more settings.
Subtypes:
Combined presentation:
- Need 6 symptoms from each category.
Predominantly inattention type:
- Found in middle school.
Predominantly hyperactivity type:
- Drop as they get older.
Prevalence:
- 3-5%.
- Half will carry ADHD into adulthood.
- Greater risk in males compared to females.
,3
, - Drop as they get older.
Prevalence:
- 3-5%.
- Half will carry ADHD into adulthood.
- Greater risk in males compared to females.
- World wide prevalence rate (2.5%).
- Male female ratio is 3:1.
- 50% of children referred to mental health clinics in US are referred for ADHD-
related problems.
Developmental cause:
- Persistent across lifespan in most cases.
- Severity will have an impact on treatment, long term prognosis will be different
(whether they'll show progress in adulthood).
- Inattention remains stable; hyperactivity declines with age.
Kessler et al (2005):
- Wanted to identify predictors.
- Sample of 3197 18-44 year old.
- Results: childhood ADHD severity and childhood treatment (especially with
drugs) predicted persistence.
Biederman et al (2011):
- 11 year follow up.
- Predictors of severity of ADHD.
- 110 boys compared to 105 boys without ADHD.
- 70% of kids carried on with that diagnosis. There was partial persistence (22%),
impaired functioning (15%) or remitted but treated (6%).
- Predictors: severe impairment of ADHD, psychiatric comorbidity and exposure
maternal psychopathology.
Neurocognition:
- There's a wide range of cognitive domains assessed with those with ADHD.
- Response inhibition: you'd ask a kid 'every time you see a 0, press the button'.
Numbers aren't presented clearly, child wouldn't press a button when they saw a
but because of high levels of impulsivity they would press the button. Measure
number of errors, speed.
- Delay aversion: you ask the individual 'if you complete this puzzle within, you'
give them a £5 voucher- any less a chocolate bar'. ADHD children will go for th
short term gain (reward) rather than looking at what they can benefit from the £5
- Executive functioning: Gambling task. See lots of cards on the screen and tap on
the cards and you'll see 10$. Identify the rule/pattern (don't tell this to the
participant). Ability to plan things and manage things. ADHD children would
press everything.
- Psychological deficits are presumed to be linked to dysfunction of frontal-striata
cerebellar circuits.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller sabrin_o. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £7.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67163 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 14 years now