Lecture notes
Lecture notes OT, child and adolescent psychiatry (OCT212) with additional notes
- Module
- Institution
Lecture notes with annotations and additional notes
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
hannahszapira
Content preview
OCT212 NOTESADHD:
What is ADHD?:
● Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic mental health condition that affects a
person’s ability to pay attention and manage impulses.
● People living with ADHD may have challenges with time management, organization, focusing, and
multitasking. Because ADHD symptoms are highly individualized, occupational therapy aims to help
people plan and prioritize by using various techniques tailored to the client.
● The symptoms of ADHD include inattention and hyperactivity or impulsivity.
● These qualities can lead to difficulties in time management, emotional regulation, motivation, and
executive function, which are needed for completing tasks.
● ADHD typically affects an individual’s educational functioning, management of interpersonal
conflict, relationships, and ability to provide emotional support.
● Difference btw ADD and ADHD- able to focus and concentrate for certain amounts of time vs not
being able to concentrate
● As we unpack cognitive impairments diagnostics for the diagnosis change
● Cannot pay attention and distract children around them
● Teachers spot it
● Speak to teachers, parents and look at their environment. - what is happening at home? - unpacking
is the underlying cause for reasons why child is acting in a certain way
● Can't make diagnosis without teacher
● Approach assessments differently depending on where you are working for example at Red Cross
the social worker is important
● Parents are very important- also teachers
● Assess all variables for a client and determine whether it is the pathology or an outside influence
which is causing them to not be doing something
-6 Steps
Assessment:
1. Assessing the child at the neurological level
2. Assessing the child at the psychological level
3. Assessing the child at the behavioral level
4. Assessing the environment
5. Assessing task performance
, modulation
Sensory -
the brain's
a
bilityto regulate
its
6. Assessing family dynamic and support
·
genetic own
activity
- : prefrontal lobe sensory modulat
hypo-arousal
a
·
1. Assessing the child at the neurological level -
hypo-dopamme
● Sensory modulation (the capacity to regulate and organize the degree, intensity and nature of
responses to sensory input.) the brains ability to regulate its own activity
-
● Dysfunction in sensory modulation impacts the child’s behavior in the following areas; arousal,
attention, affect and action. ~ Poor bancordinate
splace
● Children with ADHD tend to present with sensory seeking behavior that interferes with their
regulation of behavior and participation in different occupations.
● How? Sensory Profile (Dunn 1999), Observations within various environments, Questionnaires.
attention control
2. Assessing the child at the psychological level
● Usually addressed by clinical psychologists.
- ·
·
imprise control
behavioral inhibition
.
executive functions
·
motor control systems
·
3. Assessing the child at the behavioral level
● When did inattentive, hyperactive and impulsive behavior start? What settings? Frequency? What
areas of occupation are affected?
● How? ADHD Rating Scale for parents and teachers, semi-structured interviews with parent, teacher
and child, Observations of child’s emotional control, peer-group relationships, social skills and
Associated features :
↳ primary giveness
interaction with parents. features :
- ~
hyperactivity
-
-
emotional
poor social skills
4. Assessing the environment imprisivity
Physical cultural , social
-
● Gather information on the home and school environment.
-
,
● How? Clinical observations, Strengths and Limitations Inventory: School Version (SLI), Informal
interviews with teachers
5. Assessing task performance
● Components skills: perceptual-motor and functional skills.
● To identify underlying functions or dysfunctions and how it may impact on the child’s ability to carry
out different tasks and engage in different occupations.
● How? Clinical observations, non-standardised questionnaires and checklists, and various
standardized assessments.
6. Assessing family dynamic and support
● Interview with parents along with observations.
● Incorporate information from other professionals (psychiatrist, psychologist or family therapist)
Intervention:
1. Education of parents and teachers- interact more hands on with new teachers- speak to them and
suggest new ideas instead of bossing them around
2. Treatment at the neurological level - low tone (muscles aren't firm enough - they moving
around/fidgety)
3. Adaptation of home/classroom environment
4. Treatment at the behavioral level- reward charts
,5. Enhancement of task performance - tasks done at desk level with OT that will enable class skills to
improve
1. Education of parents and teachers
● Education of parents and teachers about ADHD through a feedback session and also the provision of
information packs.
● Sharing information about the results of the evaluation helps to promote the understanding of the
child’s underlying dysfunctions and their effect on the child’s behavior. The educational process is
reinforced through subsequent contacts to train parents and teachers.
2. Treatment at the neurological level
● Using different sensory modulation concepts and techniques.
● Sensory diet
● Regulation toolkit
3. Adaptation of home/classroom environment
● Considering the sensory characteristics of the environment, using the predictive visual timetable,
and integrating different sensory modulation techniques into the home and classroom routine.
4. Treatment at the behavioral level
, ● Integrating appropriate educational management strategies, behavioral management strategies and
sensory modulation techniques to regulate the child’s behavior, in order to promote his or her
engagement in different tasks at home and school.
5. Enhancement of task performance
● Remediating any developmental and functional difficulties identified through child-appropriate
treatment strategies or approaches, such as perceptual-motor skills, handwriting skills and self-care
skills
Environmental factors and the structuring of an O.T. session:
● Minimize visual and auditory stimuli.
● Reduce clutter – in both the room and on the learner's desk.
● Restrict visual field – screen 3 sides of learner’s desk.
● Reduce mobiles/suspended equipment in the treatment area.
● Paint walls soft pastel colors – calming effect.
● As a therapist, I wear conservative clothing and accessories. Speak in a calm voice to the learner.
● Play low background music or use “white noise” eg fans/fish tanks. Stimulates the right brain
hemisphere which will improve learning.
● Make physical contact to get the child's attention.
● Activities for short periods of time.
● Encourage the child to finish a task.
● Structure and routine! The session must be predictable for the child. He or she must know exactly
what is expected of him/her. Be firm and consequent.
● Built-in resting periods e.g. allow the child to stand up and go drink water.
ANXIETY:
Understanding Anxiety Disorder:
● WHAT is stress and anxiety?
● WHY- there are five domains that are used to understand how and why anxiety manifests
● WHEN- at what point does anxiety start showing?
● WHO- is vulnerable to and at risk to experiencing anxiety?
What is stress and anxiety:
● Stress: is an external pressure experienced by the person
● Anxiety : is a response to stress
● How our body reacts
How does stress present:
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller hannahszapira. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £11.26. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
79276 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 14 years now