Exam (elaborations)
Exam (elaborations) OT and Psychogeriatric (OCT214)
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FINAL ASSESSMENT: JUNE 2018Question 1:
1. Activity group, leisure groups and physical exercise groups.
Reality orientation groups and reminiscence groups
Activity groups can provide the person with a neurocognitive disorder a sense of purpose and
routine. The activities acknowledge and use the skills and life experiences of the person with NCD.
An example can be bingo and cooking.
Leisure groups can provide the person with the neurocognitive disorder some positive feelings. An
example can be listening to music, or dancing.
Physical exercise groups allow the person to stay active and can improve their cardiovascular health,
promote muscle strength and support overall physical well being. An example would be going on
walks outside or indoors.
Reality orientation groups allow the person to have an idea of what their name is, the date is and
the name of the institution they are at. It can also give them independence when doing their
activities of daily living as there may be a poster to guide them on what the steps are of that
activity. They may feel a sense of accomplishment. Details of where they are, who they are and who
they are with will be spoken about in the reality orientation group.
Reminiscence group which will allow the person to look back on their lives and may provide them
with a feeling of love, peace, purpose and belonging. Example: looking through photo albums,
listening to music, painting or doing pottery.
2. I would add motion sensors as if the person wants to go to the bathroom and the light switch is too
far away and they don’t know where it is, when they step into the bathroom, the bathroom light
would automatically come on. I would also add glow in the dark stickers either on the floors or walls
or both to allow the person to see what the route is to the bathroom and not walk into anything on
their way. In the bathroom, there could be a poster of the steps of brushing your teeth in the
morning and the evening. I would also take out any obstructions that my client could have in their
room that can be a barrier to their health and well being. Having a poster next to the clients bed,
explaining how they can go to the bathroom, the steps to the toilet.
3. You need to be organized and consistent. If visual cues have been used then they need to be
consistent and updated. You must take clients' sensory ability into account, be patient,
reinforcement is essential and you must go step by step.
4. It must be in line with the client's functioning. Do not encourage dependent behavior. Always start
with minimal facilitation and grade down. Mornings are better for active therapy. Remember to
involve all the senses. Be patient.
Question 2:
1. Will observe how they hold and use their cutlery. Observing how they chew and swallow their
foods. Observing if they get distracted easily while they are eating.
Observe him bringing the cutlery to his mouth, how he holds the cutlery, and if they have the ability
to chew and swallow.
2. A 12 would indicate that Mr Williams is at a moderate stage of Alzheimer’s. He may have trouble
with dressing, grooming and toileting. He could also have vague communication when it comes to
his sentence fragments and use of words.
, 3. Apraxia is the impaired ability to carry out motor activities despite intact motor function. To assess
this, I would ask my client to tie their shoelaces or button up a shirt. Agnosia is the failure to
recognize or identify objects despite intact sensory function. To assess this, I would place pictures in
front of my client and ask them to tell me what each picture is of.
Can also use the shortened cognitive battery assessment as it focuses on the skills of apraxia and
agnosia.
4. Clients are not always oriented (aware of time, day, place) or in a clear state of mind (they may be
confused, agitated or forgetful) by assessing their orientation can give us a sense of their cognitive
functioning. I would assess if they know what day it is, the place they are in and the time of the day.
To be able to evaluate their cognitive abilities.
5. - The three plagues of loneliness, helplessness, and boredom account for the bulk of suffering
among our elders.
- An elder- centered community commits to creating a human habitat where life revolves around
close and continuing contact with plants, animals and children. It is these relationships that provide
the young and old alike with a pathway to a life worth living.
- loving companionship is the antidote to loneliness. Elders deserve easy access to human and
animal companionship.
- an elder- centered community creates opportunities to give as well as receive care. This is the
antidote to helplessness.
- an elder - centered community imbues daily life with variety and spontaneity by creating an
environment in which unexpected and unpredictable interactions and happenings can take place.
This is an antidote to boredom.
Question 3:
1. Acceptance is when the person appreciates and recognizes the cultural differences and has a
positive view about other cultures and a lot more accepting of other cultures. Adaptation is when
you are still learning but start actually changing how you engage with the other cultures. Integration
is when you have a super in depth understanding of many cultures and become part of who you
are.
2. Need to go from an attitude of ethnocentrism to ethnorelative. Going from having an attitude that
your own culture is experienced as central to reality to having the attitude that your own culture is
experienced in the context of other cultures.
Question 4:
1. FICA stands for faith, importance, community and address. It serves as a guideline for conversations
with patients to discuss their spiritual issues. Faith discusses if the person has a faith or belief, if
they consider themselves spiritual or religious, and if they believe in anything that gives them
meaning in life. Importance discusses what is important to the person, what influence does it have
on how they take care of themselves, and how their beliefs have influenced their behavior on their
illness. Community discusses if the person is part of a spiritual or religious community, if this
community supports them and how, and if they have a loved one. Address discusses how they
would like the healthcare provider to address these issues in their healthcare.
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