Exam (elaborations)
Exam (elaborations) Human Occupation 2 (OCT215)
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FINAL ASSESSMENT: JUNE 2018Question 1:
The older adults rights is a framework designed to promote and maintain older persons rights and
wellbeing by protecting them. Older adults have the right to participate in community life in any position
appropriate to his/her interests and capabilities. Older adults should be allowed to partake in any activities
or occupations that interests them for example, taking part in bingo nights within their community. Older
adults also have the right to participate in intergenerational programmes which means that they should be
able to participate in giving younger generations advice and interacting with them. When there is a human
rights violation there is automatically an occupational rights violation. When our clients experience
occupational injustices it creates a disturbance in our clients occupational performance. Looking into the
occupational injustices that our clients experience and implementing activities and treatment for those
areas would allow us to help our clients reach optimal functioning and help them have a happier and more
fulfilling life. OT’s need to alleviate the occupational injustices that are being caused.
Question 2:
According to Erikson's age and stage, adolescents are at the identity vs. role confusion stage. This is the
stage where these adolescents are trying to figure out who they are as a person and what role they play
within themselves, family, society and within their peer group. The PEO model helps a person to identify if
they have an optimal occupational performance or a minimum occupational performance. Leisure
participation falls under occupations. During the adolescent stage, adolescents may have peer pressure as
they want to fit into the social groups while being at school and want to be accepted by their fellow peers.
Taking part in leisure activities that are not illegal but are beneficial can have a good effect on your health
and well being as you are taking part in activities that you want to do. Taking part in a leisure activity such
as walking can help one clear their head after a long day of school and will help their health in the long run.
It can reduce levels of stress, anxiety, and depression, improve mood and have higher levels of positive
emotion. During this stage of adolescence, they feel that they have a lot going on because of their peers
and wanting to fit in.
Question 3:
They could deal with their rights being violated and due to their rights being violated, they experience
occupational injustices which may hinder their occupational performance as they are not allowed to
partake in activities or occupations that bring meaning to them.
Question 4:
Adolescents age and stage according to erikson is identity vs role confusion. Example it …. As adolescents
grow older they will experience changes in their physical selves as they will go through puberty, they will
grow taller, experience changes in their body structures and this may have an impact on their social self.
They may start to socialize with people and have relationships. Cognitively they are able to go from thinking
in a simplistic form to a deeper and more complex way of thinking. They are in the formal operational stage
of piaget stages of development and they have more scientific reasoning. They enable meta cognition
which is the ability to plan and approach a task.
Question 5:
The disengagement theory talks about the gradual withdrawal that older adults have from society, from
their relationships with others and just withdraw in general. It is about the disengagement from activities
,and occupations that the older adult found meaningful and enjoyed doing. This theory believes that older
adults want to be slowly taken away from society in terms of their contribution to society. It puts older
adults into despair as there is no purpose in that stage of their life anymore.
The activity theory suggests that successful aging occurs when people maintain their engagement with the
world. It encourages older adults to see more leisure activities to participate in, for example bingo and
hydrotherapy. The older adults are still finding opportunities to engage in activities and participating in
social engagement and social activities. It is still important that the older adults contribute to society but in
different ways, such as mentoring the youth and sharing skills with the youth. It supports successful
progression through Erikson’s age and stage as it would allow for legacy to be left behind through imparting
knowledge on younger generations and the promotion of social engagement and participation.
Question 6:
6.1 Occupational dysfunction is when there are difficulties that individuals face when performing daily
activities in their environments such as the occupational injustices which are occupational marginalization,
occupational imbalance, occupational alienation and occupational deprivation.
Occupational marginalization is defined as not being afforded the opportunity to engage in daily activities.
Occupational imbalance is defined as a loss of balance in the engagement of daily activities. Occupational
alienation is defined as not satisfying one’s inner needs through daily activities. Occupational deprivation is
defined as a loss of choice and opportunities in daily activities, which are beyond the control of the
individual.
6.2 It is the temporary disturbance to an individual’s usual pattern of occupational performance and
occupational engagement with associated negative impacts. It means that somebody is no longer able to
carry out the meaningful day to day activities that make up their life as they know it, which has a negative
impact on their health and wellbeing. This can be due to numerous reasons, both internal and external to a
person. It all comes back to the importance of being able to perform those day to day meaningful activities
that give us structure, routine, identity and self worth.
6.3 adolescents age and stage ….
Leisure boredom occurs when individuals perceive their leisure experiences as not sufficient to satisfy their
need for optimal arousal. Leisure activities usually occur during free time.
SUPPLEMENTARY: 2018
Question 1:
Question 2:
Adolescents age and stage + explain …
PEO looks at the person, their environment and the occupations that they engage in and sees if they have a
maximum or minimum occupational performance.
- Peer pressure
- Unhealthy habits - drinking, smoking
- Skipping school
Risk factors:
- Due to their age and stage …. They are confused about who they are and what role they play within
society and within their own life. This may cause them to experiment and engage/ interact with the
wrong social crowds at school and become victimed to what those around them participate in. They
may be peer pressured into activities that they don't want to do and this results in occupational
, alienation. Occupational alienation is doing something that you don't want to do and having no
control over it. Due to engaging in those unhealthy behaviors it may have an impact on their
academic performance and they have substance use problems
Protective factors:
- If they are not influenced by the negative behaviors of other adolescents within the same age and
stage then they may achieve academic success, good coping skills, good problem solving skills,
engagement in health occupations and activities that they find meaningful and enjoy doing and are
generally focused on school and the right things.
Question 3:
adolescents age and stage ….
Leisure boredom occurs when individuals perceive their leisure experiences as not sufficient to satisfy their
need for optimal arousal. Leisure activities usually occur during free time. It occurs when adolescents'
experiences of leisure engagement are less than satisfactory, when their needs are not met by their leisure
experiences, when they perceive their leisure activities to be insufficiently challenging, or when they feel
that they lack the skills to participate in leisure.
- Alcohol
- Bad habits
- Peer pressure
- Drugs
- Explorative behaviors
- Self esteem issues - don't know who they are
Question 4:
Question 5:
The disengagement theory talks about the gradual withdrawal that older adults have from society, from
their relationships with others and just withdraw in general. It is about the disengagement from activities
and occupations that the older adult found meaningful and enjoyed doing. This theory believes that older
adults want to be slowly taken away from society in terms of their contribution to society. It puts older
adults into despair as there is no purpose in that stage of their life anymore.
The activity theory suggests that successful aging occurs when people maintain their engagement with the
world. It encourages older adults to see more leisure activities to participate in, for example bingo and
hydrotherapy. The older adults are still finding opportunities to engage in activities and participating in
social engagement and social activities. It is still important that the older adults contribute to society but in
different ways, such as mentoring the youth and sharing skills with the youth. It supports successful
progression through Erikson’s age and stage as it would allow for legacy to be left behind through imparting
knowledge on younger generations and the promotion of social engagement and participation.
Question 6:
Integrity vs. despair is the maturity stage of erikson's age and stage. This is when individuals who have
effectively gone through the seven preceding stages of Erikson’s theory are likely to view their life
experiences as meaningful and feel a sense of integrity and satisfaction. Individuals who have not been
successful might face feelings of hopelessness and regret.
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