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Summary Self Study Notes- OT and Chronic Diseases (OCT213)
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Summary of 20 pages for the course OT and Chronic Diseases at UWC (Self Study Notes)
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OCT213 SELF STUDY NOTESEthical Principles with Older Adults
• Key when presenting health care to patients.
• Ensures older adults are protected and upheld → they are a vulnerable group in
society.
• Involved in making their own choices on their treatment.
• Promotes well-being, dignity and respect and ensures adequate care/ treatment
provision.
• Principles ensure patients’ rights are protected.
• 7 ethical principles
- Justice - Nonmalefience
- Beneficence - Fidelity
- Paternalism - Veracity
- Autonomy
Within OT:
• Ethical principles provide a framework on how OTs should practice the profession and
how OTs should engage with patients.
• How to make ethical decisions when dealing with vulnerable patients
• Clients actively involved in treatment provision (making decisions)
With older adults:
• Educates older adults on standards for treatment provision.
• Promotes awareness on how they are meant to be treated → ensuring they are aware
of the benefits and support they are entitled to receive.
• Enables tools to combat abuse and neglective behaviour often experienced at medical
institutions.
Ethics in OT: African Perspective
Ethics: the ability to apply values and morals when engaging in human activities and involves
rights, justice, and human dignity when interacting with either individuals or communities.
Models – to promote both the concept and application of interconnectedness as well as
interdependence.
Mutual relationship model aims to value clients by allowing the client to experience
autonomy, as well as exercise their human rights.
Social model: promotes social participation and strives for the principle of ubuntu
(interconnectedness) by seeing the individual as part of a community.
,Understand clients cultural and religious backgrounds towards a client’s decision-making
behaviour and attitude.
Use within OT:
• Humanistic approach: framework that promotes engagement at all levels of human
beings by considering intellectual, spiritual, physical, and social aspects, within the
context of their community and intimate relationships.
• Therapist can learn how to change their attitude, behaviour, and their respect for their
clients and the client’s family which further increases the capability of the therapist as
well as the success of the treatment and relationship.
• Afrocentric worldview: considers peoples interdepence for what they are and have
community functions and determines their rights.
• Socialized model: is a source of knowledge about the clients as a part of the
community, population and as citizens because they share communal life and
traditions as well as the socialized model in OT relates to the collective efforts that
support the notion of Ubuntu.
Use within older adults:
• Upholding ethical principles → individuals receive respectful, compassionate, and
effective care while safeguarding their rights and well-being.
• Also promote the distribution of necessary equipment such as splints and wheelchairs.
• Understanding and accommodating cultural practices to provide more effective and
personalized care that fits the needs of the older adult.
• OTs should learn to adopt a collective approach related to discourses of
comprehensive understanding of societal conditions, citizen participation and
vulnerable groups such as children, women, and older people.
• Respecting culture, religion, African context
Biomechanical Frame of Reference
• Remedial approach focusing on impairments that limit occupational performance.
• Assumes clients can acquire the voluntary motor skills necessary to perform the
desired human occupation, meaning that the underlying impairment is amenable to
remediation.
• Assumes that engaging in occupation and therapeutic activities has the potential to
remediate the underlying impairment, and results in improvement in occupational
performance.
• Goals are to prevent deterioration and maintain existing movements for occupational
performance, to restore movements for OP, and to compensate/ adapt for loss of
movements in OP.
, • Individuals who have limitations in performing occupations due to limitations in
movements, inadequate muscle strength, loss of endurance, or other biomedical
conditions are suitable to use this FOR.
• Focuses on the capacity for motion.
• Is useful in assessment, intervention, and evaluation with people who have
occupational performance problems, created primarily by some disease, injury or
event that impinges on their voluntary movement, muscle strength, endurance or
usually a combination of the three.
• Biomechanical FOR assist in understanding the assessment, intervention and
evaluation strategies associated with changing physical performance capacities to help
individuals re-engage in their occupations.
Occupational therapists:
• Use to guide their practice.
• Uses purposeful activities to treat their clients.
• Develops the method to integrate purposeful activities and their treatment goals.
• Analysis of joints and muscles during an activity is the base of this FOR → this analysis
helps OTs to plan and check the progress, whether goals are achieved or not.
Focuses on concern/ problem areas:
• Structural stability – muscle stretching
• Passive range of motion – goniometer used.
• Low level endurance – low resistance activities
• Edema control – volumetry
• Strength – manual muscle testing
• High level endurance – end of treatment planning
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