provides a complete and in depth summary of enzymes and their functions. The summary extends onto giving types of enzymes, factors affecting the rate of a reactions, enzyme inhibitors, cofactors, coenzymes and prosthetic groups.
Metabolism refers to all the reactions that occur in the body.
A catalyst is a chemical that speeds up. The rate of a reaction remains unchanged and
reusable at the end of the reaction.
Enzymes are biological catalysts used to speed up a reaction.
Activation energy (EA) is the amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction.
Enzyme mechanisms
1. Lock and key model: Proposes that the enzyme active site and the shape of the substrate
molecule are complementary to one another's
2. Induced fit model: Proposes that both the substrate and active site of the enzyme change in
confirmation until it is bound to the enzyme, at which point the final shape is determined.
Enzyme types
1. Intracellular enzymes: Released inside a cell, e.g., Catalase; Hydrogen peroxide is produced
through metabolism. Catalase breaks it down to produce oxygen and water.
2. Extracellular enzymes: Released outside the cell. It is made inside the cell and then broken
down;
Amylase
Found in mouth, pH 7
Als released by pancreas, pH 8.
Digest starch into smaller pieces
Trypsin
It is a protease.
Breaks down proteins to amino acids
Catalyzes digestion proteins to smaller peptides.
Produce in the pancreas and then released in the small intestines next to line. Both
would not be able to function if they were retained inside the cell.
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