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Summary Approaches to Therapy Notes
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- The University Of Nottingham (UON)
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Historical approachesAetiology of mental disorder
Aetiology : the origin or cause of a disorder
Prehistory:
Possession by evil spirits
Trephination
Exorcism
Ancient Greece and rome:
Hippocrates (470-377B.C) :
‘father’ of modern Western medicine, concept of the 4 humours
Mental disorders are treatable like any other disease of the body- brain pathology,
head trauma, genetics
Galen (129-198 A.D.)
Hippocratic – Galenic Approach
- Humoural theory of disorders
4 humours::
Middle ages
Continuation of early ideas e.g. humours
, - Recognised the role of environmental factors (emotional shock, physical
illness or injury, grief)
- Treatments : bleeding, purging, whipping
Influence of the church
- “madness” was a moral failing, evidence of sin
- Evidence of witchcraft or possession by the devil
- Treatments : exorcism, fasting, prayer
First asylums start to appear to house the mentally ill in the late middle ages
Renaissance:
Humanism – worldview emphasising human welfare.
- Decline of supernatural explanations for mental illness
Asylums : places set aside for people with mental disorder
Patients treated almost as inmates
Hospital of Saint Mary of Bethlehem - ’bedlam’
Very harsh inhumane conditions: filthy, furnished with straw, patients chained to
walls or locked in small boxes
Public show for visitors
Reform movement – moral treatment
Pinel (1745-1826):
Unchained inmates at La Bicetre Hispital
Advocated moral guidance and humane techniques
William Tuke (1732-1822)
Established the York retreat in England
County asylums act of 1845
Let ‘inmates’ be free, allowing them to pray, exercise …
Dorothea Dix (1802-1887)
Mental hygiene movement
Emergence of modern views
Richard von Kraft Ebing (1840-1902)
Link bet general paresis and syphilis
Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926)
Importance of brain pathology in psychological disorders and looked into the cures
System for classifying symptoms into discrete disorders or ‘syndromes’
Measured effect of drugs on disordered behaviour
Contemporary approaches
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