OCR A-Level History, Thematic Study - Russia and Italy Rulers, summary notes including detailed notes, dates, practice questions, planning, techniques, and much more on Russia and its rulers.
Themes Paper
Study Guide
Russia and Its Rulers
1855 - 1964
History A-Level
Exam Board: OCR
Anish Shah
,Table of Contents:
Themes Paper Mark Scheme and Exam Technique ............................................................... 4
Breadth Study ........................................................................................................................... 5
The Nature of Government .................................................................................................. 5
Changes to Local Government ..................................................................................................................... 5
Changes to Central Government .................................................................................................................. 7
Ideology ......................................................................................................................................................... 9
Role of the Army ......................................................................................................................................... 11
Role of the Secret Police ............................................................................................................................. 13
Opposition ................................................................................................................................................... 14
The Impact of Dictatorial Regime on the Economy and Society of the Russian Empire
and the USSR ...................................................................................................................... 19
Urban Housing Policies ............................................................................................................................. 19
Rural Housing Policies............................................................................................................................... 20
Urban Working Conditions ........................................................................................................................ 21
Rural Working Conditions, Agricultural Reform, and Production Levels .............................................. 22
Access to Food ............................................................................................................................................ 24
New Technology.......................................................................................................................................... 26
Finance and Investment ............................................................................................................................. 27
Transport Policies ....................................................................................................................................... 28
Industrialisation and Production Levels.................................................................................................... 29
Population and Social Structure ................................................................................................................ 31
Education .................................................................................................................................................... 33
Censorship and Judicial Reform................................................................................................................ 36
Political Freedoms ...................................................................................................................................... 38
Religious Freedoms .................................................................................................................................... 40
Impact of War and Revolution on the Development of the Russian Empire and the
USSR ................................................................................................................................... 42
The Crimean War, 1853 – 1856 ................................................................................................................. 42
The Russo-Turkish War, 1877 - 1878 ........................................................................................................ 43
The Russo-Japanese War, 1904 – 1905 ..................................................................................................... 44
The 1905 Revolution ................................................................................................................................... 45
The February Revolution, 1917 ................................................................................................................. 47
World War I, 1914 – 1918 .......................................................................................................................... 48
The Russian Revolution, October 1917 ..................................................................................................... 50
The Russian Civil War................................................................................................................................ 51
World War II, 1939 – 1945 ......................................................................................................................... 53
The Cold War .............................................................................................................................................. 54
Russia: Empire, Nationalities, and Satellite States ........................................................... 55
Background and Definitions ...................................................................................................................... 55
Political Freedoms – Government, Constitution, Independence .............................................................. 56
Economic Freedoms – Policy, Access to Food, Access to Land ............................................................... 58
Social Freedoms – Culture, Religion, Representation .............................................................................. 60
Depth Study ............................................................................................................................. 62
Alexander II’s Domestic Reforms ...................................................................................... 62
Reasons and Aims for Emancipation and other Domestic Reforms ........................................................ 62
Nature of and Changes to Central and Local Government ...................................................................... 62
Living and Working Conditions ................................................................................................................. 63
Judicial Reform .......................................................................................................................................... 65
2
, Military Reform .......................................................................................................................................... 65
Education Reform ....................................................................................................................................... 66
Industrial Change ....................................................................................................................................... 67
Agricultural Change ................................................................................................................................... 68
Treatment of Nationalities and Minorities ................................................................................................ 69
The Provisional Government ............................................................................................. 70
Nature of the Government .......................................................................................................................... 70
Challenges to Government including the Continuing War ...................................................................... 72
Economic and Social Conditions, Rural and Urban Conditions .............................................................. 74
Opposition from National Minorities ......................................................................................................... 76
Key Events During the Provisional Government’s Rule ........................................................................... 77
Khrushchev in Power 1956 – 1964 .................................................................................... 79
Khrushchev’s Government ......................................................................................................................... 79
De-Stalinisation .......................................................................................................................................... 80
Repression and Enforcement ..................................................................................................................... 81
Economic and Social Policies .................................................................................................................... 83
Foreign Policy ............................................................................................................................................. 85
Khrushchev’s Fall ...................................................................................................................................... 86
Depth Study Summary Tables – Key Debates........................................................................ 87
Alex II Key Debates .................................................................................................................................... 87
Khrushchev Key Debates ............................................................................................................................ 91
Thematic Summary Tables ..................................................................................................... 94
3
, Themes Paper Mark Scheme and Exam Technique
Q1. Source Interpretation on Alexander II, Provisional Government or Khrushchev –
Depth Study (30 Marks)
Evaluate the interpretations in both of the two passages and explain which one you think is
more convincing about… ‘statement’.
Q2/3. Thematic Question Across the WHOLE Period – Breadth Study (25 Marks) (x2)
Question regarding all the rulers, and regarding any theme
4
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