Essay
describe the setting alongside the two case studies
- Module
- Psychological perspectives
- Institution
- PEARSON (PEARSON)
Full essay needed for the btec diploma in health and social care
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Unit 11 task 2P5: compare the application of psychological perspectives in local health and social care settings
Both Ahmed and Sarah use different services, whilst Ahmed is in a specialist treatment centre in
Watford which helps people overcome their eating disorders using rehabilitation and Ahmed is in
this centre because of the concerns of his decrease in weight whilst Sarah is in community
psychiatric clinic also in Watford which helps people suffering with a range of different mental
illnesses and is also a rehabilitation centre and she is in there about her clinical depression.
Where Ahmed is which is the specialist treatment centre it doesn’t only have clients with eating
disorder, but it also has people that suffer with alcohol and drug misuse. This centre is a
rehabilitation centre, so individuals are put in rehabilitation to help sort out their mental illnesses.
The referral process is simple as you can either self-refer yourself or a family member can do it.
Anyone of any age can be referred and they offer a range of treatments.
On the other hand, Sarah is in the community psychiatric clinic which helps all different people of a
range of ages who suffer with their mental health. From depression to anxiety, they help with a
range of different problems. Like Ahmed setting of the specialist treatment centre, it is also a
rehabilitation centre where they aim is for individuals to finally start living a normal day to day life
without feeling these mental illnesses. The referral process for this is to fill out a form either online
or go in and do it. This form can either be done by the service user or by a family member.
With Ahmed the best treatment available that will manage his maladaptive behaviour is cognitive
behavioural therapy. This type of therapy is a talking therapy and can be effective to teach you
different coping skills for dealing with different problems like Ahmed eating disorder. The
perspective this would fall under is cognitive as this approach involves recognising and addressing
these false ideas through methods like CBT. These methods assist people in creating more sensible
and flexible ideas and concepts about what the eat, how much they weigh and how they look which
result in better eating patterns and other behaviours.
When you are comparing this to Sarah and her PTSD you would use a different perspective that
would be more effective to help us understand how to manage with Sarah maladaptive behaviour.
Specifically, this setting Sarah attends uses counselling as a way of managing this maladaptive
behaviour. The professionals work with clients that are experiencing a wide range of emotional and
psychological difficulties to help them adapt to the effective change and enhance their wellbeing.
This approach using the humanistic approach because
(contributors, 2021) it focuses on free will, potentially in people and self-discovery while taking a
holistic approach to the counselling. It also attempts to assist you in strengthening and maintaining a
positive sense of self as you explore your emotions and concentrate on your positive attributes. This
relates to Sarah as the counselling will help her to strengthen her wellbeing and the way she
approaches the past trauma, and she will be able to express herself and her feelings.
All perspectives can be used to address the behaviour of both Ahmed and Sarah in different ways.
When using the humanistic approach counselling would be affected for both Sarah and Ahmed.
Counselling is a type of talk therapy whereby a qualified counsellor offers support and directions to a
patient who is struggling emotionally and psychologically. With Ahmed, it can help him find different
coping mechanisms and help him talk about his thoughts and feelings regarding his eating disorder.
On the other hand, for Sarah using counselling can help Sarah to talk about her past and therefore it
can help the professionals know exactly what is going on with her thoughts.
Using cognitive approach can also be efficient to use and doing this you would use cognitive
behavioural therapy (CBT) which is a sort of psychotherapy that focuses on recognising and altering
, Unit 11 task 2
recurring negative thought and behaviour patterns that fuel psychological issues. When it comes to
Ahmed CBT is said to be the strongest type of treatment to treat eating disorders as it gives Ahmed a
chance to express how he feels what a barrier may be to him, and the therapist can help by
suggesting coping mechanisms. Alternatively, CBT can be used for many different maladaptive
behaviours like Sarah and her PTSD as her past trauma with her childhood, it has affected how she is
today so she can use CBT so she has a chance to express how she is feeling towards herself and how
she can overcome this.
Another approach that can be used to help both Ahmed and Sarah is social learning perspective and
for this you can use group therapy as they work well for both Ahmed and Sarah. Group therapy is a
type of psychotherapy where a small group meet on a regular basis with a qualified therapist to talk
about working through their emotional and psychological problems. Members often participate in
group therapy in an engaging way through their thoughts and feelings and experiences with each
other. For Ahmed using group therapy would work well as he can work with others going through
the same thing as him and it will allow them to overcome the eating disorder together. On the other
hand, you have Sarah who has PTSD so using group therapy would be a way that Sarah would feel
listened to and feel like her issue is important. It can also give Sarah a chance to meet others going
through similar pasts so will enable her to speak to the other people and share different coping
mechanisms.
Using behaviourist perspective by using behaviour modification can help Sarah and Ahmed with their
maladaptive behaviours. Behaviour modification is a therapy strategy that use shaping, negative and
positive reinforcement, and punishment to alter undesirable or maladaptive behaviours. As for
Ahmed, it can help him learn that he doesn’t need to have a restrict control over what he eats, and
he can then learn other methods on how to overcome this whereas for Sarah, it can help her by
learning more in depth about the trauma. If she spends time with more positive people, it can
increase her self-esteem meaning it can lower any potential suicidal thoughts.
The final perspective is psychodynamic, and you would use interpersonal psychotherapy which is
about interpersonal issues that need to be addressed and relationships that can be improved
through control and this would help both Ahmed and Sarah. For Ahmed this can help assist him in
replacing maladaptive habits associated with his eating disorder with appropriate coping
mechanisms. Out of this he can get a regular eating schedule and exercise regularly and learning
different coping mechanisms to help with stress and anxiety he may feel throughout this. On the
other hand, Sarah may utilise this to identify and treat interpersonal issues resulting from the
trauma as the therapist would collaborate with Sarah to pinpoint certain interpersonal issues
resulting from the trauma such as communication. Next the therapist would help Sarah in creating
plans that she can go about dealing with the issues.
P6: explain how professionals use psychological perspectives to improve the social functioning of
selected service users
Social functioning is defined as a person’s relationship with their environment including work, social
activities and relationship with family and friends. It is also defined as the social ability of an
individual.
Because of the difficulties both Ahmed and Sarah must live with social functioning can come with
issues. For Ahmed the issue with social functioning is it can create negatively because of the media
and how they have created an unrealistic image of an individual. With Sarah social functioning would
be an issue because she has difficulties interacting with others as she feels she may be judged for
what she has previously been through.
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